画意营造:刘敦桢瞻园叠山的当代实践  

Painterly Landscape Gardening:Liu Dunzhen’s Contemporary Practice of Rockery Making in Zhan Garden

作　　者：张梓墨 刘珊珊 黄晓[1] ZHANG Zimo;LIU Shanshan;HUANG Xiao(School of Landscape Architecture,Beiing Forestry University;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第8期65-72,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“互动演进视角下的明代私家园林与绘画研究”(编号52078039);国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于多重证据法的湮废园林复原方法及其评价体系研究”(编号52008302);北京建筑大学培育项目专项资金(编号X23043)。

摘　　要：【目的】“画意营造”的造园理念确立于晚明时期,在当代风景园林实践重视延续传统营园智慧的背景下,仍具有应用价值。20世纪50—60年代刘敦桢主持的南京瞻园整修设计,是一次高水准的当代“画意”造园实践,尤其体现在假山部分。【方法】结合文档搜集法和实地观察法,梳理刘敦桢瞻园“画意”叠山设计的生成过程。【结果】北假山整修参考了画家阎次平的小斧劈皴和倪瓒的折带皴,并借鉴画论营造出高远、深远的画意空间;南假山设计融合了马远和黄公望的画风,通过山池形态和细部叠石营造出峭拔、幽深、自然的意境;西假山溪涧叠石采用黄公望的披麻皴法,呈现圆润柔和的美感。【结论】刘敦桢的“画意”叠山实践,探索了对石料运用和风格选择的综合调配,为当代造园实践提供了宝贵经验,为传统文化的现代转译提供了有益启示。[Objective]The gardening concept of“painterly landscape gardening”was established in the late Ming Dynasty,and still has application value in the context of the contemporary landscape architecture discipline,which emphasizes the continuation of traditional gardening wisdom in practice.Liu Dunzhen,a pioneer in the research and design of traditional Chinese gardens,consciously used the concept of“painterly landscape gardening”to guide his design of Zhan Garden in Nanjing in the 1950s and 1960s,particularly in terms of rockery making,which complemented his research on classical gardens as indicated in his works Classical Gardens of Suzhou that was carried out during the same period.The results of his research on classical gardens were applied to the design of Zhan Garden,and the practical experience of Zhan Garden was categorized into the framework of his knowledge and research on classical gardens.This research aims to explore the ways in which the concept of“painterly landscape gardening”is applied in Liu Dunzhen’s contemporary practice of rockery making in Zhan Garden.[Methods]The research adopts the methods of document collection and field observation,integrates existing research and information on Zhan Garden,and systematically combs through the process of Liu Dunzhen’s design and generation in his painterly rockery making.Taking“painterly landscape gardening”as the clue,the research focuses on the restoration and design process of the Phase I project of Zhan Garden,especially the rockeries in the north,south,and west parts of the garden.In combination with the expositions of Liu Dunzhen,Ye Juhua,and other witnesses of Zhan Garden,as well as the design references of relevant painters’paintings and The Mustard Seed Garden Manual of Painting,Liu Dunzhen’s design process in terms of rockery making in Zhan Garden is investigated.The research also explores the specific ways for realizing“painterly landscape gardening”in rockery making in Zhan Garden,including which painters’styles or pa

关 键 词：风景园林 当代造园实践 画意叠山 技法与理论 刘敦桢 瞻园 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]