饲粮纤维水平对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化、免疫器官及小肠发育的影响  

Effects of Dietary Fiber Level on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemistry,Immune Organs and Small Intestine Development of Broilers

作　　者：阎佩佩[1] 姚启蒙 李和朋 赵群峰 李宝华 朱应波 刘雪兰[1] 伏春燕 Yan Peipei;Yao Qimeng;Li Hepeng;Zhao Qunfeng;Li Baohua;Zhu Yingbo;Liu Xuelan;Fu Chunyan(Poultry Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Haiyang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Haiyang 265100,China;Dongying Blue Horizon Ecological Farming Co.,Ltd.,Dongying 257100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院家禽研究所,山东济南250100 [2]海阳市畜牧兽医站,山东海阳265100 [3]东营蓝海生态养殖有限公司,山东东营257100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第7期154-159,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020602);济南市人才发展环境政策项目(202228037);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023D06);东营市科技计划项目(2020JCYJ105)。

摘　　要：为研究饲粮纤维(玉米酒糟粕、米糠、麸皮等比例混合物)对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数及小肠发育的影响,选取1日龄罗斯308肉用仔鸡480只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加不同水平(3.0%、4.5%、6.0%)的饲粮纤维,饲养42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加饲粮纤维降低肉鸡1~21日龄体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量(P<0.05),但6.0%纤维组提高了肉鸡42日龄体重和22~42日龄平均日增重,并降低了22~42日龄和1~42日龄的料重比(P<0.05)。2)不同水平纤维饲粮均显著提高了血清中白蛋白水平(P<0.05),与对照组相比,3.0%、6.0%纤维组血清甘油三酯和总蛋白水平在21日龄时显著升高(P<0.05),但42日龄时显著降低(P<0.05)。3)21日龄时,4.5%纤维组脾脏指数显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),42日龄时6.0%纤维组法氏囊指数显著低于对照和4.5%纤维组(P<0.05)。4)3%纤维组显著降低了肉鸡21日龄回肠绒隐比和42日龄十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),提高了42日龄十二指肠绒隐比(P<0.05);6.0%纤维组显著提高了21日龄和42日龄空肠绒毛高度以及21日龄回肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),4.5%纤维组显著降低了21日龄空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05)。综上,6.0%饲粮纤维可提高肉鸡生长性能,降低血清胆固醇、甘油三酯水平,并促进小肠发育。The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fiber(a mixture of dried corn distillers’grains,rice bran and wheat bran at equal proportion)on growth performance,serum biochemical indicators,immunity organ index and small intestine development of broilers.A total of 480 one-day-old ROSS 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups.Broilers in the control group were fed the basal diet,and those in the other 3 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with dietary fiber by 3.0%,4.5%and 6.0%respectively for 42 days.The results were as follows.1)Compared to the control group,dietary fiber supplementation decreased body weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers at 1~21 days of age(P<0.05),but 6.0%dietary fiber group increased body weight at 42-day age and average daily gain at 22~42-day age,and decreased the ratio of feed to gain at 1~42-day age(P<0.05).2)All dietary fiber groups increased serum albumin level(P<0.05),and compared to the control,both 3.0%and 6.0%dietary fiber groups increased serum triglyceride and total protein levels at 21-day age,which were decreased at 42-day age(P<0.05).3)The 4.5%dietary fiber group increased spleen index at 21-day age(P<0.05)compared with the other groups,and 6.0%dietary fiber group decreased bursa of fabricius index at 42-day age(P<0.05)compared with the control and the 4.5%dietary fiber group.4)The 3.0%dietary fiber group de-creased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in ileum at 21-day age and crypt depth in duodenum at 42-day age(P<0.05),and increased the duodenum ratio of villus height to crypt depth at 42-day age(P<0.05);the 6.0%dietary fiber group increased jejunum villus height at 21-day age and 42-day age,and ileum villus height at 21-day age(P<0.05);the 4.5%dietary fiber group decreased jejunum crypt depth at 21-day age.In con-clusion,dietary supplemented with 6.0%dietary fiber could improve production performance,reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels,and promote small intestine development of broiler

关 键 词：肉鸡 纤维水平 生长性能 血清生化 免疫器官 肠道发育 

分 类 号：S831.92[农业科学—畜牧学]