解磷微生物协同磷矿粉强化植物修复铅污染土壤机制的研究进展  

Research Progress on Mechanism of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms Combined with Phosphorite Powder Enhancing Phytoremediation of Lead-Contaminated Soil

作　　者：温绍福 朱城强 江润海 汪雨蓉 侯秀丽 王春雪 Wen Shaofu;Zhu Chenqiang;Jiang Runhai;Wang Yurong;Hou Xiuli;Wang Chunxue(College of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Kunming University/Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health,Kunming 650214,China;Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co.,Ltd./National Engineering and Technology Center for Development&Utilization of Phosphorous Resources,Kunming 650600,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院/高原湖泊生态与环境健康协同创新中心,云南昆明650214 [2]云南磷化集团有限公司/国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650600

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第7期173-180,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(42167009,U1902202);云南省高校联合基金项目(2018FH001-004);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022Y712,2023Y0874);云南省教育厅大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202111393074)。

摘　　要：植物修复重金属铅(Pb)污染土壤已成为矿区生态恢复的重要途径之一,解磷微生物、磷矿粉强化植物对重金属的修复机理已成为土壤生态恢复的研究热点。基于此,本文综述了解磷微生物的解磷机制及其固化土壤Pb的生物化学过程,分析了磷矿粉施用改变土壤重金属Pb存在形态的化学过程,剖析了解磷微生物—磷矿粉协同作用对植物促生作用及改变Pb形态提高植物耐性的生物化学过程。(1)解磷微生物通过生物吸附和生物转化方式将Pb与土壤中游离的磷酸根(PO_(4)^(3-))结合形成沉淀,降低Pb在土壤中的迁移,缓解重金属毒害;(2)解磷微生物分泌有机酸、磷酸酶、植酸酶和C-P裂解酶等将磷矿粉转化为可溶性磷酸盐与Pb结合,强化对Pb的钝化;(3)磷矿粉通过沉淀、吸附络合和离子交换的方式改变Pb在土壤中的形态;同时磷矿粉游离出的PO_(4)^(3-)被植物吸收后可以改变Pb^(2+)在植物细胞内的形态与分布,以磷酸盐沉淀的形式分布于根系表面细胞壁或液泡内,减少植物地上部Pb^(2+)的累积;(4)总结了解磷微生物协同磷矿粉与植物修复土壤Pb污染的共存体系优势,并对今后相关研究的深入开展进行展望,旨在为我国Pb污染土壤修复提供参考。Phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metal lead(Pb)has become one of the important approaches for ecological restoration in mining areas.The remediation mechanisms of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorite powder enhancing phytoremediation to heavy metals have become research hotspots in soil ecological restoration.This article reviewed the phosphate-solubilizing mechanism of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and the biochemical processes involved in solidifying Pb in soil,analyzed the chemical processes of phosphorite powder application changing Pb forms in soil,and examined the biochemical processes involved in synergistic effects of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms with phosphorite powder on promoting plant growth and improving plant tolerance to Pb.(1)Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms precipitated Pb by biosorption and biotransformation with free phosphate ions(PO_(4)^(3-))in soil,so reduced Pb migration and alleviated heavy metal toxicity.(2)Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms secreted organic acids,acid phosphatase,phytase and C-P lyases to convert phosphorite powder into soluble phosphate salts that could bind with Pb,so as to enhance the passivation of Pb.(3)Phosphorite powder changed the forms of Pb in soil through precipitation,adsorption complexation and ion exchange;at the same time,PO_(4)^(3-) released from phosphorite powder absorbed by the plant could alter the form and distribution of Pb^(2+)in plant cells;it was distributed as a precipitated form of phosphate in root surface cell walls or vacuoles to reduce accumulation of Pb^(2+)in aboveground part of the plant.(4)The advantages of coexistence systems were summarized involving phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms synergistically acting with phosphorite powder for remediating soil contaminated by Pb,and the further researches were prospected in the future,in order to provide references for remediation of Pb-contaminated soil in China.

关 键 词：铅污染 解磷微生物 磷矿粉 植物修复 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]