第3种碳:白碳  

Third carbon:Carbyne

作　　者：郑晴 曹玮玮 杨国伟 Qing Zheng;Weiwei Cao;Guowei Yang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanotechnology Research Center,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学材料科学与工程学院,纳米技术研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第20期2844-2855,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51832011)资助。

摘　　要：如果以碳原子存在的形式对碳材料进行分类,自然界应该存在3种碳材料.第一种是以三维sp^(3)杂化结构碳原子构成的金刚石以及相关同素异构体;第二种是以二维sp^(2)杂化结构碳原子构成的石墨以及基于sp^(2)杂化的富勒烯、碳纳米管和石墨烯等石墨的同素异构体;第3种碳即由一维sp杂化结构碳原子构成的carbyne.由于carbyne目前没有相应的中文术语,根据它的研究历史和材料形态,我们称carbyne的中文译名为“白碳”.本文综述了白碳的合成、结构,以及光、电、磁、生物等奇异物性,讨论了其在微电子、光电子、生物医学等领域的可能应用,并对未来发展进行了展望.Carbon is an important element that is essential for living organisms and is widely distributed on the earth.In the exploration and application of carbon materials,researchers are committed to exploring and developing the different properties of carbon materials with different structures and their applications.Existing carbon materials can be classified into three types based on the type of electron orbital hybridization.The first type is formed by the arrangement of threedimensional sp^(3)-hybridized carbon atoms,such as the hardest natural material,diamond,and its derivatives,hexagonal carbon and octagonal carbons.The arrangement of two-dimensional sp^(2)forms the second type of hybridized carbon atoms,such as graphite,graphene,carbon nanotubes,and fullerenes.The third type is composed of one-dimensional sp-hybridized carbon atoms arranged as a one-dimensional carbon chain.The third type of carbon material is a hexagonal crystal of onedimensional sp-hybridized carbon atoms in the form of a grayish-white powder called carbyne(referred to as the third carbon).This discovery has motivated researchers in the fields of physics,chemistry,and materials science to explore its synthesis in laboratories.Meanwhile,theoretical physicists and chemists have predicted that carbyne will have several unusual properties in physics and chemistry and that it will have notable applications in several fields,similar to fullerenes and graphene.This paper presents a review of the recent research progress on carbyne.It begins by defining carbyne;then,the synthesis techniques of carbyne and the structural features of carbyne nanocrystals prepared through liquid-phase laser ablation are reviewed.Carbyne nanocrystals are special nanocrystals with a unique hexagonal lattice formed by onedimensional carbon chains connected through van der Waals forces.These carbon chains are alternately arranged with carbon–carbon triple bonds and single bonds and form crystals via twisting.Because of the unique one-dimensional van der Waals structure of

关 键 词：碳纳米结构 一维sp杂化 碳链 白碳纳米晶 

分 类 号：TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工]