登记对抗理论下未登记动产抵押权对抗效力检视  

An Examination of the Adversarial Effectiveness of Unregistered Chattel Mortgage Right under the Theory of Registration Confrontation

作　　者：贺中正 He Zhongzheng

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《常州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期20-29,共10页Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“治理整顿背景下网络借贷机构退出机制研究”(20STA046);甘肃省教育厅优秀研究生“创新之星”项目“优化营商环境背景下网络交易平台退市民事责任研究”(2022CXZX-036)。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》对动产和权利统一担保体系进行了以“未登记不得对抗善意第三人”为核心的登记对抗化改造。就我国本土背景而言,源自比较法的“信赖保护说”“第三人否定说”等对抗理论,始终与我国物权理论体系有罅隙。只有本土化的对抗力工具论,不致与以物权法定为核心的物债二分体系等自相扞格,能在概念及逻辑构造上实现周延。登记对抗下的登记是法律拟制的、在意思主义模式下能够增强物权对抗力的工具。应以纵向层级的思路梳理未登记动产抵押权对抗效力问题。只要第三人权利的实现会对抵押权的实现造成影响,那么就认定其发生对抗。在对抗事实发生的基础上,权利的优先顺位当以对抗效力的有无、大小为主要标准,再辅以政策规定、价值衡量等。至于第三人范围,则需以主客观结合的解释方法予以澄清。The Civil Code of the People s Republic of China has carried out the registration confrontation transformation of the unified security system for chattel and rights with“unregistered shall not be used against bona fide third party”as the core.As to China s situation,adversarial theories such as“trust protection theory”and“third party negation theory”,which originate from comparative law,have always been at odds with China s property rights theory system.Only the localized adversarial instrumental theory will not be at odds with the dichotomy of property and debt with property law as the core,can be extended in terms of concept and logical structure.Registration under registration confrontation is a legally fictitious tool that can enhance the confrontation of property rights under the model of intentionalism.The issue of the adversarial effect of unregistered chattel mortgage should be sorted out from a vertical and hierarchical approach.As long as the realization of the right of a third party will affect the realization of the mortgage right,then it is considered that there is a confrontation between them.On the basis of the fact of confrontation,the priority of rights should be determined by the existence and magnitude of the adversarial effectiveness,supplemented by policy provisions and value measurement.As to the scope of third party,it needs to be clarified by a combination of subjective and objective interpretations.

关 键 词：《中华人民共和国民法典》 抵押登记 未登记动产抵押 第三人 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]