论期间损失公共索赔的边界  

The Boundary of Public Claims for Ecosystem Service Loss

作　　者：李佩霖 LI Pei-lin

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期76-85,共10页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“陆海统筹生态环境治理法律制度研究”(21A2D062)。

摘　　要：从公益角度来看,期间损失责任是对生态环境使用利益损失的赔偿责任;从私益角度来看,期间损失责任是对私人的用益物权造成的使用损失或纯经济损失的赔偿责任。期间损失责任的公私二元属性使得,对同一期间损失标的可能同时存在公共索赔与私人索赔。目前对期间损失责任的认知局限于公益角度,这使得期间损失全部通过公益诉讼索赔,当存在私人可以索赔的期间损失时,即生重复索赔。为避免重复索赔,需调整期间损失的索赔机制,划清期间损失公共索赔的边界。期间损失公共索赔的边界可以以“公上去私”为原则,在公共索赔的基础上排除对私人用益物权造成的使用损失和私人可索赔的纯经济损失这两类私人索赔的范围,并通过实体规则、程序规则、技术规则的完善予以实现。以此构建的期间损失公共索赔边界将随纯经济损失的可赔偿性的变化而变化,将来存在进一步缩窄的可能。From the objective point of view,the ecosystem service loss liability is the compensation liability for the loss of ecological environment use.From the subjective point of view,the liability for ecosystem ser-vice loss is the liability for the use loss or pure economic loss caused by the specific individual’s usufructuary right.Due to the dual nature of public and private liability for ecosystem service loss,there may be both pub-lic interest claims and private claims for the same ecosystem service loss.At present,the cognition of ecosys-tem service loss liability is limited to the objective perspective of the unified cognition,so that all ecosystem service loss can be claimed through public interest litigation.A duplicate claim occurs when there is an ecosys-tem service loss for which a private person can claim.In order to avoid repeated claims,it is necessary to adjust the claim mechanism of ecosystem service loss and establish the boundaries of ecosystem service loss public benefit claims.On the basis of the principle of“public to private”,the scope of the two types of private claims,namely the use loss caused by private usufruct and the pure economic loss that can be claimed by pri-vate,can be excluded,and can be realized through the improvement of the entity rules,procedure rules and technical rules.The boundary of the public interest claim for ecosystem service loss constructed in this way will change with the change of the compensability of pure economic loss,and may be further narrowed in the future.

关 键 词：《民法典》第1235条 期间损失 环境侵权 公益诉讼 纯经济损失 

分 类 号：D922.112.4[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]