“另造一个民族党”:中共创建民权运动大同盟及其余波  

“Creating Another Nationalist Party”:the Founding of CPC’s Great Alliance of the Civil Rights Movement and its Aftermath

作　　者：江明明 Jiang Mingming

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史学院 [2]安徽大学陈独秀研究中心、胡适研究中心

出　　处：《广东党史与文献研究》2024年第3期15-26,共12页

基　　金：安徽省社会科学创新发展研究项目“国、共、地方势力三方互动视野下六霍起义研究”(2020CX115)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1922年6月中共接受共产国际指示,结合中国国情,提出了主要是与国民党合作的民主主义的联合战线。中共最初反对共产国际提议的加入国民党的合作方式,希望建立党外合作。在党外合作遭孙中山拒绝后,中共党内产生抛开国民党,“另造一个民族党”并与之合作,建立民主革命联合战线的备用方案,并由此发起民权运动大同盟以为“第三党”之预备。西湖会议上中共迫于共产国际压力同意与国民党进行党内合作。但此后由于苏俄与国民党的联盟尚未完成,国共党内合作亦未入正轨,中共继续发展民权运动大同盟这一预备“第三党”。及至“二七惨案”使中共认识到必须与国民党切实合作且国民党已改组巩固,民权运动大同盟才逐渐停止活动。由此观之,1926年蔡和森在莫斯科偶遇胡适并劝其组党,则可视为中共在国共合作发生危机时,“另造一个民族党”方案的再度尝试。In June 1922,the CPC accepted the instructions of the Communist International and,in light of China’s national conditions,proposed a democratic united front mainly in cooperation with the Kuomintang.The CPC initially opposed the Comintern’s proposed method of cooperation in joining the Kuomintang,hoping to establish cooperation outside the Party.After Sun Yat-sen rejected cooperation outside the party,the CPC created a backup plan to abandon the Kuomintang,“create another nationalist party”and cooperate with it to establish a democratic revolutionary united front,and thus launched the Great Alliance of the Civil Rights Movement as a preparation for such“third party”.On the West Lake Conference,under pressure from the Comintern,the CPC agreed to cooperate with the Kuomintang within the Party.However,since the alliance between Soviet Russia and the Kuomintang had not yet been completed,and the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was not on the right track,the CPC continued to develop the preparatory“third party”.It was not until the“February 7th Massacre”made the CPC realize that it must effectively cooperate with the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang had been reorganized and consolidated,that the Great Alliance of the Civil Rights Movement gradually ceased its activities.From this point of view,Cai Hesen’s encounter with Hu Shi in Moscow in 1926 and persuading him to form a party can be seen as another attempt by the CPC to“create another nationalist party”when Kuomintang-Communist cooperation was in crisis.

关 键 词：民权运动大同盟 中国共产党 国共合作 胡适 蔡和森 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] D231[历史地理—中国史]