常见油田水垢类型分析及防治手段  

ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL OILFIELD SCALE TYPES AND CONTROL TECHNIQUES

作　　者：赵梦婷 Zhao Mengtin(SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation,Beijing,100101)

机构地区：[1]中国石化工程建设有限公司,北京100101

出　　处：《石油化工安全环保技术》2024年第4期50-53,I0003,共5页Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Technology

摘　　要：油田无机盐水垢的生成是我国油田注水采油阶段面临的最严重的问题之一。油田水质复杂,地层水多含有具有强结垢倾向的高浓度钙镁等金属离子,从井筒到地面集输系统的过程中,随着地质、物理、化学因素的改变,凡是有油、气、水、泥浆流过的地方都有可能结垢。这些水垢会封锁储层孔隙、阻塞输油管线、降低热交换设备效率,严重影响了生产过程中的油气产量,增加了开采运输和处理油气的成本。本文根据最新国内外油田水垢研究资料,全面总结了常见油田水垢的类型性质、生成条件和影响因素,并根据水垢生成的过程阶段,归纳主流的水垢抑制机理,总结介绍国内外已成功运用的防垢和除垢手段。The formation of inorganic salt scale is one of the most serious problems facing the water injection and oil recovery stage in China’s oilfields.The water quality of the oilfield is complex and the formation water contains high concentration of calcium,magnesium and other metal ions with strong scaling tendency.During the process from the wellbore to the ground transportation system,with the change of geological,physical and chemical factors,scaling is possible wherever there is oil,gas,water and mud flowing through.These scales may block the reservoir pore space and oil pipeline,reduce the efficiency of heat exchanger,affect the oil production seriously and increase the cost of extraction,transportation and treatment.Based on the latest domestic and international oilfield scale research data,this paper summarizes the properties,generating conditions,and influencing factors of typical oilfield scale types.It also summarizes the mainstream scale inhibition mechanisms and provides a summary of the scale prevention and removal methods that have been applied successfully at home and abroad.

关 键 词：油田水垢 防垢 阻垢剂 成垢机理 抑制机理 

分 类 号：TE358.5[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]