不同载畜率水平家庭牧场草畜能量平衡及效益分析  

Forage−animal energy balance and benefit analysis of household ranches in different stocking rates

作　　者：白伊苏拉 朱培志 李治国 韩国栋 BAI Yisula;ZHU Peizhi;LI Zhiguo;HAN Guodong(College of Grassland and Resource Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第8期1401-1410,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(2021ZD0044);内蒙古自治区科学技术厅中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0022);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0100);国家自然科学基金项目(32060384)资助。

摘　　要：草畜平衡是调节草原牧区生产生态有序发展的有效方式,而进行草畜能量平衡的研究对于家庭牧场尺度上的草畜供求关系与经济效益的提升具有重要作用。本研究基于内蒙古自治区正蓝旗59户家庭牧场的调研数据,以载畜率现状划分不同载畜率梯度并分别构建典型牧户,利用草畜能量平衡模型模拟草畜能量年度供需关系并规划合理经营方案,通过主成分分析确定影响家庭牧场收益的因素。结果表明:调研区家庭牧场随载畜率的增加饲草料支出增加,其中高载畜率牧场比低载畜率牧场的年饲料支出平均高11.75万元;从家畜经济效益角度,低载畜牧场的单位家畜净收益最高,为1075.82元·SE^(−1)·a^(−1),显著高于中载畜率与高载畜率牧场(P<0.05);家畜能量供需整体在年度内呈不均衡状态,冬春季草地能量亏缺最高可达10.61 MJ·SE^(−1)·d^(−1),夏秋季草地满足能量供应且有富余;天然草地面积与家畜数量对不同载畜率下家庭牧场的收益均呈现显著影响。通过降低家畜数量和改变饲喂组合等方式综合提升家畜个体生产性能,对于促进家庭牧场的可持续发展和生态经济双赢具有重要意义。Forage and animal balance is an effective way to regulate the production and ecological development of grassland pastoral areas,and the study of forage and animal energy balance plays an important role in improving forage and animal supply-demand relationships and economic efficiency at the scale of household ranches.In this study,based on research data from 59 household ranches in Zhenglan Banner,different stocking rate gradients were divided into different stocking rate gradients and typical herders were constructed based on the current stocking rate.The grass and livestock energy balance model was used to simulate the annual supply and demand of forage and animal energy and to plan a reasonable management plan.The factors affecting the profitability of household ranches were determined by principal component analysis.The results showed that the forage expenditure of household ranches in the study area increased with the increase in stocking rate.Among them,the average cost of feed in high stocking rate pastures was 117500 yuan higher than that in low stocking rate pastures;in terms of economic benefits of livestock,low stocking rate household ranches had the highest net income per unit of livestock,and the net income per unit of livestock was 1075.82 yuan·SE^(−1)·a^(−1),which was significantly higher than that of medium stocking rate and high stocking rate household ranches(P<0.05).Livestock energy supply and demand were unbalanced during the year,and the energy deficit of grassland in winter and spring was up to 10.61 MJ·SE^(−1)·d^(−1),while the grassland in summer and fall met the energy supply and had a surplus;the area of natural grassland and the number of livestock had a significant effect on the profitability of the household ranch under different stocking rates.Enhancing the performance of individual livestock by reducing the number of livestock and changing feeding combinations is important for the sustainable development of household ranches and for achieving a winning situation in terms

关 键 词：家庭牧场 能量 载畜率 净收益 

分 类 号：S815.2[农业科学—畜牧学]