重庆市永川区水痘疫苗不同接种剂次下突破病例流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of breakthrough varicella under different doses of varicella vaccine in Yongchuan District,Chongqing

作　　者：王亚 周宗良[1] 王宏[2] WANG Ya;ZHOU Zongliang;WANG Hong(Yongchuan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Chongqing 402160,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]重庆市永川区疾病预防控制中心,重庆402160 [2]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2024年第2期252-254,258,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的分析重庆市永川区水痘突破病例的流行病学特征,为探索水痘的防控策略提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,收集2020—2022年永川区水痘病例,分析不同接种剂次下水痘病例流行病学特征。结果3797例水痘病例中突破病例666例。10~<15岁无免疫史组病例最多,5~<10岁突破病例最多,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.902,P<0.05)。5~<10岁的第2剂次突破病例高于10~<15岁,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.146,P<0.05)。发病与末次接种间隔时间<3年的第2剂次突破病例高于≥3年,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.096,P<0.05)。学生第2剂次突破病例高于幼托儿童,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.096,P<0.05)。结论接种第2剂次水痘疫苗出现的突破病例明显减少,建议在4~5岁接种第2剂次水痘疫苗。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the breakthrough varicella in Yongchuan District and to provide reference for the prevention and control strategy of varicella.Methods Using descriptive epidemiological method,collecting varicella cases from 2020 to 2022 in Yongchuan District,the epidemiological characteristics of varicella cases under different vaccination doses were analyzed.Results There were 666 breakthrough cases out of 3797 chickenpox cases.The number of reported cases was the highest in the group with no immunization history at 10 to<15 years old,and the number of breakthrough varicella was the highest in the group with 5 to<10 years old,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=13.902,P<0.05).The number of second-dose breakthrough varicella in the age group of 5 to<10 years was higher than that in the age group of 10 to<15 years,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=9.146,P<0.05).The number of second-dose breakthrough varicella in the group with less than 3 years between the onset time and the last vaccination was higher than that in the group with 3 years or more,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=23.096,P<0.05).The second-dose breakthrough varicella in students were higher than those in preschool children,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.096,P<0.05).Conclusion Inoculation with second-dose varicella vaccine can significantly reduce breakthrough varicella,and inoculation with second-dose varicella vaccine at 4-5 years of age is recommended.

关 键 词：水痘 突破病例 1剂次疫苗 2剂次疫苗 重庆 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]