2019-2022年北京市通州区严重急性呼吸道感染住院病例病原谱分析  

Pathogen spectrum of hospitalized severe acute respiratory infection cases in a sentinel hospital in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2019 to 2022

作　　者：邹林[1] 张冲[1] 佟玲[1] 张建明 王建国[1] 王芳[1] 高翔[1] 崔淑娟[2] 张代涛[2] Zou Lin;Zhang Chong;Tong Ling;Zhang Jianming;Wang Jianguo;Wang Fang;Gao Xiang;Cui Shujuan;Zhang Daitao(Microbiological Laboratory,Tongzhou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 101100,China;Institute of Infectious and Endemic Disease,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科,北京101100 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制所,北京100013

出　　处：《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2024年第7期596-600,共5页Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX10103004-002)。

摘　　要：目的分析2019—2022年北京市通州区哨点医院严重急性呼吸道感染(severe acute respiratory infection,SARI)住院病例的病原谱及流行特征,为科学防控提供参考。方法纳入2019年1月—2022年12月北京市通州区潞河医院SARI患者,采集患者鼻咽拭子或呼吸道分泌物,荧光定量法检测病原及其种类,分析其流行病学特征。结果共纳入SARI病例1124例,其中379例呼吸道病原体阳性,检出率为33.72%。细菌的检出率较高,以肺炎支原体、肺炎链球菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌为主,检出率较高的病毒为甲型流感病毒、副流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒。不同年龄段病例数及病原检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=555,P=0.0001)。不同年份优势检出病原体不同,2019年肺炎支原体和甲型流感病毒的检出率较高,分别为27.27%(51/187)和17.65%(33/187);2020年副流感病毒、肺炎支原体和流感嗜血杆菌的检出率较高,分别为16.67%(10/60)、11.67%(7/60)和11.67%(7/60);2021年嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和呼吸道合胞病毒的检出率较高,分别为24.39%(20/82)和19.51%(16/82);2022年嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和副流感病毒的检出率较高,分别为20.00%(10/50)和12.00%(6/50)。结论北京市通州区SARI病例中细菌性病原体检出率较高,需要关注嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和肺炎支原体的流行。此外,呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、甲型流感病毒的流行也不容忽视。不同年份检出的主要病原体不同,需要针对本区的实际情况制定防控措施。本研究为国家呼吸道多病原监测方案的实施提供了基础数据。Objective To investigate the pathogen spectrum and the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized severe acute respiratory tract infection(SARI)cases in a sentinel hospital in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2019 to 2022,and provide reference for scientific prevention and control of SARI.Methods This study enrolled SARI patients in the Beijing Luhe Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022.Nasopharyngeal swabs or respiratory secretions of the patients were collected and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR to detect the pathogens and their types.The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the cases were analyzed.Results In this study,1124 SARI cases were enrolled,of which 379 were positive for respiratory pathogens with a detection rate of 33.72%.Most of the SARI cases were positive for bacteria pathogens,and the detection rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Streptococcus pneumoniae,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were high.Influenza A virus,parainfluenza virus,and respiratory syncytial virus were the main viral pathogens detected in the cases.There were significant differences in the number of cases and the detection rate of respiratory pathogens among different age groups(χ^(2)=555,P=0.0001).The predominant pathogens in different years were different.Mycoplasma pneumoniae[27.27%(51/187)]and influenza A virus[17.65%(33/187),]were the predominant pathogens in 2019;parainfluenza virus[16.67%(10/60)],Mycoplasma pneumoniae[11.67%(7/60)],and Haemophilus influenzae[11.67%(7/60)]were the predominant pathogens in 2020;Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[24.39%(20/82)]and respiratory syncytial virus[19.51%(16/82)]were the predominant pathogens in 2021;Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[20%(10/50)]and parainfluenza virus[12%(6/50)]were the predominant pathogens in 2022.Conclusions Most of the SARI cases in Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2019 to 2022 are caused by bacteria.More attention should be paid to the prevalence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae,as well as the prevalence of respiratory

关 键 词：严重急性呼吸道感染 甲型流感病毒 呼吸道合胞病毒 肺炎支原体 嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R181.3[医药卫生—内科学]