金属激光增材+X复合制造技术综述  

Review of laser⁃metal additive manufacturing + X hybrid technology

作　　者：李毅 王振忠 肖宇航 张鹏飞 Yi LI;Zhenzhong WANG;Yuhang XIAO;Pengfei ZHANG(School of Aerospace Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学航空航天学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第13期133-155,共23页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：中国航发自主创新专项资金(ZZCX-2018-017)。

摘　　要：激光增材制造技术(LAM)为航空航天复杂金属零件提供了极高的设计自由度和制造灵活性,但目前主流LAM技术存在监测与控制难度大、热应力变形与缺陷难处理等关键问题。“增材+X”复合制造技术提供了多尺度解决方案,结合各辅助制造工艺的优点以改善增材成形材料的精度与性能。增材+机械场/磁场/声场/热场等能场可实现调控熔池流动、改善微观组织、控制晶粒尺寸方向、释放残余应力以及改善表面质量等有益效果的协同优化。简要回顾了LAM技术特点及其在航空航天业的典型应用,总结了增减材、增等材制造技术的主要工艺与技术内涵,重点评述了非接触式的磁、声、热辅助场对增材熔池动力学、微观组织发展、表面质量、热梯度的作用机理以及模拟仿真研究。最后总结了各能量场辅助增材制造技术的优势与局限性,展望了金属激光“增材+X”复合制造技术的发展趋势。Laser Additive Manufacturing(LAM)provides a high degree of design freedom and manufacturing flexibility for the preparation of complex metal parts in aerospace engineering,but current mainstream LAM technologies have key problems such as difficulty in monitoring and control,thermal stress deformation,and defects management.while additive manufacturing+X hybrid technology provide multi-scale solutions,and by combining the advantages of various auxiliary manufacturing processes,the accuracy and performance of AM forming materials are improved.AM+mechanical/magnetic/acoustic/thermal field enable achieve synergistic optimization of beneficial effects such as controlling melt pool flow,improving microstructure,management grain size orientation,releasing residual stress,and improving surface quality.The development of mainstream LAM technology and the current application status in the aerospace industry are reviewed,the action mechanism of additive-subtractive and additive-equivalent hybrid manufacturing technologies on LAM are summarized,and the mechanism and simulation research of non-contact magnetic,acoustic,and thermal auxiliary fields on melt pool dynamics,microstructure development,surface quality development,thermal gradient are emphatically commented.In conclusion,the strengths and limitations of various field auxiliary additive manufacturing technologies are summarized,and the future trends of laser-metal additive manufacturing+X hybrid technology are anticipated.

关 键 词：激光增材制造 复合制造 金属成形 辅助能量场 增材+X 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]