基于极化气象雷达的空飘气球检测方法  

Detection of air balloon with polarimetric weather radar

作　　者：黄建开 殷加鹏[1] 安孟昀 庞晨 李永祯[1] 王雪松[1] Jiankai HUANG;Jiapeng YIN;Mengyun AN;Chen PANG;Yongzhen LI;Xuesong WANG(College of Electronic Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,ChangSha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学电子科学学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第14期30-41,共12页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61971429,61921001,62171447);国防科技大学科研计划项目(ZK21-25);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(QL20220012)

摘　　要：近年来空飘气球引发的新兴异常空情对国土安全、防空安全和民航安全产生重大的威胁。空飘气球具有介质材料组成、表面光滑等低雷达观测的特点,针对现有机场等场所检测空飘气球手段不足的难题,通过提取空飘气球的散射特征并提出一种基于相干脉冲修正比的极化融合空飘气球检测方法。该方法利用空飘气球目标的相干脉冲修正比对地杂波进行判断和滤除,再通过极化相关性特征进行极化融合处理以降低虚警,最后通过图形形态学方法进一步剔除虚假目标。双极化气象雷达实测空飘气球数据的处理结果表明所提方法能够有效检测出空飘气球并降低背景杂波、射频干扰虚警。所提方法充分考虑空飘气球的散射特性,性能比传统方法高3.2 dB。所提方法在不影响现有气象雷达业务功能的同时赋予其空飘气球探测预警能力,具有计算量小和易于实现等特点,有望广泛应用于现有极化气象雷达中。In recent years,the emergence of anomalous aerial situations induced by air balloons has posed significant threats to national security,airspace security,and civil aviation safety.Air balloons,characterized by their composition of medium materials and smooth surface,elude conventional radar detection.To address the inadequacy of current methods in detecting air balloons at airports and similar facilities,this study proposes a novel detection approach based on polarimetric fusion utilizing the coherent pulse compression ratio.The coherent pulse compression ratio of air balloon targets is leveraged to discern and filter out ground clutter.Then,polarization fusion processing is conducted to reduce false alarms,and further refinement is made using morphological image analysis to eliminate spurious targets.Results of processing real-world air balloon data collected by dual-polarization weather radar shows that this method demonstrates effective detection and reduced background clutter and RF interference false alarms.The proposed approach,considering the scattering characteristics of air balloons,exhibits a performance enhancement of 3.2 dB over conventional methods.Notably,it equips existing polarimetric weather radar systems with air balloon detection and early warning capabilities without compromising their current operational functionalities.With its computational efficiency and practical implementation feasibility,this method holds promise for wide-spread integration into existing polarimetric weather radar systems.

关 键 词：极化 气象雷达 空飘气球 相干脉冲修正比 地杂波 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]