选区激光熔化制备难熔高熵合金研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospects of refractory high-entropy alloys prepared by selective laser melting

作　　者：郭正华[1] 陈正 曾一达 郭义乾 牛振华 杨子睿 李智勇 万骏武 Zhenghua GUO;Zheng CHEN;Yida ZENG;Yiqian GUO;Zhenhua NIU;Zirui YANG;Zhiyong LI;Junwu WAN(Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang330063,China;School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang330063,China;School of Metallurgy and Materials,University of Birmingham,Birmingham B152SE,United Kingdom;Jiangxi Changhe Aviation Industry Co.,Ltd,Jingdezhen333002,China;Jiangling Motors Corporation,Ltd,Nanchang330000,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学,南昌330063 [2]南昌航空大学航空制造工程学院,南昌330063 [3]伯明翰大学冶金工程学院,伯明翰B152SE [4]江西昌河航空工业有限公司,景德镇333002 [5]江铃汽车股份有限公司,南昌330000

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第14期96-117,共22页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52105451);江西省杰出青年基金(20232ACB214013);江西省重大科技研发专项(20194ABC28001);江西省重点研发计划(202112BBE51007,20202BBEL53029)

摘　　要：难熔高熵合金(RHEAs)因具备高熔点、高硬度和高温相结构稳定性成为航空航天、海洋船舶和核能工业等领域的重要材料。本文对选区激光熔化(SLM)技术制备的不同体系RHEAs进行梳理,并对其微观组织、力学性能、残余应力和耐腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明,SLM制备的RHEAs未改变其固有相(BCC相),且枝晶形貌为树枝晶、等轴晶、胞状晶等,晶粒尺寸较电弧熔炼平均减少80%~90%;细晶强化、固溶强化等强化机制有效提升了材料的力学性能;SLM技术在制备RHEAs时,热源的局部加热和冷却会造成残余应力积累,可通过工艺参数优化、母材预热等方法降低热应力;SLM可实现难熔元素均匀分布,减缓腐蚀介质侵蚀合金表面的速率,从而增强合金的耐蚀性能。With advantages of high melting point,high hardness and high-temperature phase structure stability,Refractory High-Entropy Alloys(RHEAs)have become important materials in the fields of aerospace,marine and nuclear energy industries.This paper presents a systematic review of different systems of RHEAs prepared by Selective Laser Melting(SLM)technology,and analyses the microstructure,mechanical properties,residual stress and corrosion resistance of SLM.The results show that the RHEAs prepared by SLM have not changed the intrinsic phase(BCC phase),the dendritic crystal morphology is dendritic,equiaxed,and cytosolic,and the grain size has been reduced by an average of 80%–90%compared with that of conventional arc melting.The results also show strengthening mechanisms such as fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening caused by grain refinement effectively enhance the mechanical properties of the materials.In the preparation of RHEAs by SLM technology,the residual stress accumulation caused by local heating and cooling of the heat source can be reduced by optimizing the process parameters and preheating the base metal;SLM can achieve uniform distribution of refractory elements,and the refined grains can increase the grain boundary density,reduce intergranular corrosion,and enhance the corrosion resistance of the alloy.

关 键 词：选区激光熔化 难熔高熵合金 微观组织 力学性能 残余应力 耐蚀性能 

分 类 号：V252.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]