含多壁碳纳米管的可炭化导电聚合物点火特性实验研究  

An experimental study of ignition characteristics in charring conductive polymers based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

作　　者：邓寒玉 濮炎涛 张致远 廖文和[1] 曹平 DENG Hanyu;PU Yantao;ZHANG Zhiyuan;LIAO Wenhe;CAO Ping(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Anhui Hongxing Electromechanical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 231135,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]安徽红星机电科技股份有限公司,安徽合肥231135

出　　处：《推进技术》2024年第8期125-133,共9页Journal of Propulsion Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(30920041102)。

摘　　要：针对微纳卫星混合推力器低功耗重复启动需求,提出了一种基于含多壁碳纳米管的可炭化导电聚合物的电弧点火技术。阐述了该可炭化导电聚合物的制备与加工过程,对可炭化导电聚合物的材料性能进行分析;搭建了相应的可视化点火诊断系统,对点火过程及其点火机理进行研究。在此基础上,分析了不同外部负载电压(40~60 V)和初始温度(-15~45℃)条件下,可炭化导电聚合物的点火特性。实验结果表明:添加碳纳米管可以显著提高聚合物的导电性能和导热性能,有效降低点火所需外部负载电压;可炭化导电聚合物在不同气体环境下的分解趋势基本一致,点火温度约为375℃;可炭化导电聚合物的整体点火过程主要包括热解潜伏阶段、混合与反应阶段、点火阶段以及传播阶段,残炭结构的生成及持续传热是实现点火的关键;提高负载电压及点火装药表面温度能够有效缩短点火延迟时间及减少点火所需的外部能量,但变化幅度随着电压和表面温度的升高而减小;负载电压和表面温度的大小对点火后的初始火焰传播影响过程不大。Aiming at the low-power and repetitive ignition requirements of micro/nanosatellite hybrid thrusters,an arc ignition technology is proposed,which is based on a conductive polymer capable of charring and incorporates multi-walled carbon nanotubes.This study demonstrates the preparation and processing of the char⁃ring conductive polymer.A corresponding visual ignition diagnostic system was established to study the material properties,ignition process,and ignition mechanism of the charring conductive polymer.Based on this study,the ignition characteristics of the charring conductive polymer were analyzed under different external load voltag⁃es(40~60 V)and initial temperatures(-15~45℃).The experimental results revealed the following findings.Firstly,the addition of carbon nanotubes can significantly enhance the electrical conductivity and thermal con⁃ductivity of polymers,and effectively reduce the external load voltage required for ignition.Secondly,the decom⁃position trends of charring conductive polymers remain consistent across different gas environments,and the igni⁃tion temperature is about 375℃.Thirdly,the entire ignition process mainly consists of the pyrolysis latency stage,mixing and reaction stage,ignition stage,and propagation stage,the key to achieving ignition is the gener⁃ation and sustained heat transfer of the residual carbon structure.Fourthly,increasing the load voltage and sur⁃face temperature of the ignition propellant can effectively reduce the ignition delay time and the external energy required for ignition.However,the magnitude of these changes decreases with the increase in voltage and surface temperature.Finally,the magnitude of the load voltage and surface temperature has little effect on the initial flame propagation process after ignition.

关 键 词：微纳卫星 电弧点火 可炭化导电聚合物 点火特性 点火机理 

分 类 号：V436[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]