热裂解烃制炭黑的机理及工程化技术发展历程  

Mechanism and engineering technology development of hydrocarbons pyrolysis to produce carbon black

作　　者：王定友 陈建 范汝新 李大舜 WANG Dingyou;CHEN Jian;FAN Ruxin;LI Dashun(China Carbon Black Institute,Zigong 643000,Sichuan,China;Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,Zigong 643000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中昊黑元化工研究设计院有限公司,四川自贡643000 [2]四川轻化工大学材化学院,四川自贡643000

出　　处：《化工进展》2024年第7期3551-3566,共16页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

摘　　要：简介人类制造和利用炭黑(CB)的历史和炭黑特性,对烃热解过程中碳原子组成六碳环并历经一维(1D)、二维(2D)和三维(3D)增长形成准石墨微晶(GMC)和最终形成CB粒子的系列参数进行了模拟计算,总结有关CB准石墨微晶结构增长机理、粒子结构及其与粒子硬度和导电性等性能间的关系等方面基础研究的最新成果。基于CB中碳原子结构研究成果和基本理化性能,建议了CB的分子式。结合检测数据解读CB拥有高达30GPa硬度、补强橡胶的活性和独特导电性的结构原因。本文还从键能变化角度计算了用于制造CB的几种典型烃热裂解生成CB的化学反应热,解释CB生产时煤系原料油比石油系原料油收率高10%的原因,重点介绍现代热裂解烃制造CB的工程化技术在原料、反应器、耐火材料、装置大型化、资源综合利用技术与装备等方面取得突破并促成我国成为炭黑制造第一大国的发展历程。对炭黑行业节能环保的最新要求进行了归纳,展望了行业未来,并对其技术进步重点方向和研究内容提出建议。Introduction to the history of human manufacturing and utilization of carbon black(CB)as well as the characteristics of CB,this paper simulated and calculated a series of parameters related to the formation of quasi graphite microcrystals(GMCs)and the final formation of CB particles during the process of hydrocarbon pyrolysis,where carbon atoms formed a six carbon ring and undergo onedimensional(1D),two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)growth.The latest achievements for the growth mechanism of quasi graphite microcrystals in CB and basic research on particle structure as well as its relationship with properties such as particle hardness and conductivity were introduced.Based on the research results of carbon atomic structure and basic physicochemical properties in CB,the molecular formula of CB was proposed.The structural reasons why CB had a hardness of up to 30GPa,the activity of reinforcing rubber and unique conductivity were interpreted based on testing data.This article also calculated the chemical reaction heat of several typical hydrocarbons used to produce CB through thermal cracking from the perspective of bond energy changes.It explained the reason why the yield ofcoal-based feedstock oil was 10%higher than that of petroleum based-feedstock oil during CB production.The article focused on introducing the engineering technology of modern hydrocarbons pyrolysis to produce CB in terms of raw materials,reactors,refractory materials,large-scale equipment,comprehensive resource utilization technology with equipment achieved and the development process of China becoming the largest country in CB manufacturing.This article summarized the latest requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection in the CB industry,looked forward to the future of the industry,and put forward suggestions for the key directions and research content of its technological progress.

关 键 词：烃类化合物 热解 炭黑 粒子 聚集 显微结构 

分 类 号：TQ-9[化学工程]