熔盐法制备新型二维层状金属碳/氮化物(MXene)的研究进展  

Research progress in the preparation of new two-dimensional layered metal carbon/nitrides by molten salt method

作　　者：李文哲 申淼 王建强[1] LI Wenzhe;SHEN Miao;WANG Jianqiang(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;School of Physical Science and Technology,Shanghai Tech University,Shanghai 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]上海科技大学物质科学与技术学院,上海201210

出　　处：《化工进展》2024年第7期3660-3671,共12页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金(21ZR1476200);中国科学院“清洁能源转化技术与示范”战略性优先研究计划(XDA21000000)。

摘　　要：二维金属碳氮化物(MXene)是由过渡金属元素(铝、钛、铌、钼等)和X元素(碳、氮)组成的一种新型二维材料,在能源存储与转换、电磁屏蔽、传感器、催化等领域具有广泛的应用前景。其中,过渡金属M、X元素组合、表面官能团Tx元素种类调控是影响MXene结构和物理化学性质的关键,开发元素组合可调控的合成方法是MXene族材料制备和应用的热点和难点。熔盐合成法是制备MXene的方法之一,利用熔盐介质无水无氧、富含阴阳离子、弱溶剂化、电化学窗口宽等诸多特性,可以合成一些常规水溶液中无法获得的特殊组成和结构的MXene材料,这大大拓展了该材料的应用范围。本文综述了高温熔盐作为氧化刻蚀剂或溶剂制备新型MXene材料的最新研究进展,并讨论了不同共晶盐、反应物和反应条件调控MAX和MXene材料结构的影响机制。同时,对熔盐法未来的发展方向和面临的主要挑战也进行了展望。Two-dimensional metal carbonitride(MXene)materials are a new two-dimensional material family composed of transition metal elements such as aluminum,titanium,niobium,molybdenum,and carbon and nitrogen elements,which have broad application prospects in energy storage and conversion,electromagnetic shielding,sensors,catalysis and other fields.The structure and physicochemical properties of MXene are determined by the combination of transition metal M and X element and the type of surface functional group Tx.Therefore,in the preparation and application of materials,it is a hot and difficult point to develop a controlled synthesis method to prepare MXenes with tunable element combination.Molten salt synthesis is one of the methods to prepare MXene,which makes full use of the characteristics of high temperature,high solubility and wide electrochemical window of molten salt.As a result,some special MXene materials that cannot be synthesized with conventional aqueous solutions can be synthesized with molten salt,thus expanding the application range of materials.In this paper,the latest research progress of MXene materials prepared by high temperature molten salt as oxidation etchant or solvent was reviewed,and the influence mechanism of different eutectic salts,reactants and reaction conditions on the structure of MAX and MXene materials was discussed.At the same time,the future development direction and main challenges of molten salt method were also prospected.

关 键 词：熔盐 二维金属碳氮化物 氧化反应 高温 表面基团 

分 类 号：TQ05[化学工程] TH3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]