典型环境微塑料的微生物降解途径及分子机制  

Microbial degradation of typical microplastics in environment:Degradation pathways and molecular mechanisms

作　　者：刘君 胥志祥[2] 朱春游 岳中秋 潘学军 LIU Jun;XU Zhixiang;ZHU Chunyou;YUE Zhongqiu;PAN Xuejun(Hunan Aerospace Kaitian Water Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410100,Hunan,China;Faculty of Environmental Science&Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南航天凯天水务有限公司,湖南长沙410100 [2]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《化工进展》2024年第7期4059-4071,共13页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22276082,42307500);湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ41445);昆明理工大学“双一流”创建医学联合专项项目(KUST-AN_(2)023004Y)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一类新污染物,其广泛存在于水体、土壤和大气等环境介质中,并对生态安全和人体健康造成潜在威胁。本文归纳总结了环境介质中典型微塑料(PE、PP、PS、PVC、PET)的污染特征,系统阐述了微塑料的微生物降解途径,深入剖析了微生物介导微塑料降解的分子机理和影响因素。环境介质中微塑料可通过细菌、真菌和放线菌等微生物进行降解(包括微生物定殖、生物膜截留和生物酶降解等过程),其降解效率与微生物模型和微塑料特性密切相关,并受到典型环境因子(如光照、温度、pH等)的影响。本论文系统总结了微生物介导降解微塑料的研究进展,以期为基于微生物技术控制微塑料提供理论指导和技术支撑。As an emerging pollutant,microplastics are ubiquitous in various environments,including water,soil and atmosphere,and pose a potential threat to ecological safety and human health.In this paper,the pollution characteristics of typical microplastics,including polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),polystyrene(PS),polyvinyl chloride(PVC)and polyethylene terephthalate(PET)are summarized.The microbial degradation pathways of microplastics are reviewed,and the degradation mechanisms are analyzed along with the influencing factors.Microplastics in environmental media can be degraded by bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes through microbial colonization,biofilm interception and enzyme degradation.The degradation efficiency of microplastics is closely related to microbial models and microplastic physicochemical properties,and is affected by various environmental factors,such as illumination,temperature and pH.This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of microbiome-mediated degradation of microplastics,which provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the effective control of microplastics.

关 键 词：微塑料 微生物降解 降解途径 分子机制 影响因素 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]