工程机械变速箱敲齿异响故障诊断与分析  

Fault Diagnosis and Analysis of Gear Rattle of Construction Machinery

作　　者：周海军 汪亚平 蔡敢为 谷云辉 唐建波 钟琦 ZHOU Haijun;WANG Yapin;CAI Ganwei;GU Yunhui;TANG Jianbo;ZHONG Qi(Jiangsu Jiangshun Precision Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214400,Jiangsu,China;College of Engineering Machinery,Hunan Sany Polytechnic College,Changsha 410100,China;Department of Pump and Road Machinery,Sany Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏江顺精密科技集团股份有限公司,江苏无锡214400 [2]湖南三一工业职业技术学院工程机械学院,长沙410100 [3]三一重工股份有限公司泵路事业部,长沙410100

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2024年第4期194-198,265,共6页Noise and Vibration Control

摘　　要：针对某工程机械发生变速箱严重异响的问题,开展振动、转速和压力测试及分析诊断。通过分析发动机和变速箱端转速信号,排除发动机转速波动引起变速箱敲齿异响的可能。结合振动和压力信号,以及传动系统各参数,诊断出变速箱发生敲齿异响的来源在于辅助油泵,因油泵处较大幅值的谐次压力,使传动系统产生特定频率下的较大扭转位移,该位移超变速箱空套齿轮的间隙,从而发生敲齿异响;通过加装液压缓冲蓄能器或更换不同品牌的辅助油泵两种方案开展实车验证可解决异响故障,证明诊断有效。分析工作的成果可为变速箱敲齿异响的诊断提供新的案例,对同类故障的诊断工作具有指导意义。In order to reduce the serious abnormal noise of a construction machinery gearbox,the vibration,rotating speed and pressure of the gearbox are tested and analyzed.By analyzing the speed signals of the engine and gearbox,it is found that the rotating speed of the engine is unlikely to cause the noise.Based on the vibration and pressure signals and the parameters of the transmission system,it is identified that the auxiliary reversing oil pump is the reason of the battle noise.That is,the pump produces a larger amplitude of the harmonic pressure,which forces the transmission system to produce a large torsional displacement at the specific frequency,and the displacement exceeds the clearance of the unloaded gear in the gearbox which causes the rattle.The validity of the diagnosis is proved by the two schemes of installing the hydraulic buffer accumulator and replacing the the reversing oil pump by the one of different brands.This work may provide a guidance for diagnosis of gear-box rattle.

关 键 词：故障诊断 敲齿异响 振动测试 转速测试 油泵激励 

分 类 号：TH165.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]