轻罪时代刑法的解释立场——以竞合论为视角  

Interpretative Stance of Criminal Law in the Era of Misdemeanors:From the Perspective of Joinder of Offenses Theory

作　　者：罗翔[1] Luo Xiang

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第4期19-35,共17页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“刑法与道德”(项目编号:23VTS010)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：因为竞合理论的混乱,不少轻罪规定被弃而不用。在轻罪时代,刑法解释必须受到罪刑法定原则的严格约束。法条竞合与想象竞合的区分涉及罪刑法定与罪刑均衡的关系,罪刑法定是首要原则,不能为了罪刑均衡牺牲罪刑法定。此外,法条竞合与想象竞合的区分还涉及罪刑均衡原则内部的冲突。依据罪刑均衡原则,既要防止过度评价,又要避免评价不足。在这两个目标中,前者更为重要。同时,罪刑均衡包括客观均衡与主观均衡,不能无视主观均衡而片面追求客观均衡。区分法条竞合与想象竞合,应当坚持形式标准说。法条竞合包括包容关系和交叉关系。如果没有法律的特别规定,法条竞合应遵循特别法优于普通法的原则。对于法条竞合的兜底功能,应当慎重对待。The confusion surrounding the theory of joinder of offenses has led to the abandonment of many misdemeanor provisions.In the era of misdemeanors,the interpretation of criminal law must adhere strictly to the principle of legality of crime and punishment.The distinction between legal and imaginary joinder of offenses hinges on the delicate weighting between the legality principle and the balance principle of crime and punishment.The principle of legality of crime and punishment is paramount and should not be compromised.Additionally,the principle of balance between crime and punishment must prevent both over-evaluation and under-evaluation,with the former being more crucial.Objective and subjective balance must both be considered in achieving this equilibrium.When distinguishing between legal and imaginary joinder of offenses,the formal standard is more reasonable.Legal joinder of offenses can take the form of inclusive or cross modes,with special laws taking precedence over common laws in the absence of specific provisions.However,the protective function of legal joinder of ffenses should be approached with caution.

关 键 词：轻罪治理 刑法解释 竞合犯 罪刑法定原则 罪刑均衡原则 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]