数字行政的算法风险及法律规制:法国经验与中国意义  

Algorithmic Risks and Legal Regulations of Digital Administration:French Experience and Chinese Significance

作　　者：杨一健 王锡锌[2] YANG Yi-jian;WANG Xi-xin(Faculty of Law,University of Montpellier,Montpellier,France 34000;Peking University Law School,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]蒙彼利埃大学法学院,法国蒙彼利埃34000 [2]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2024年第4期19-34,共16页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：公共行政数字化、算法化已成为数字化时代行政技术变迁的趋势。从行政法治角度看,如何对算法风险进行法律规制,渐成行政法组织和制度变革的重大命题。将算法引入行政活动,在提高行政效益的同时,亦带来前所未有的风险。对算法行政之风险的应对及管理,是行政法制度面临的一个普遍性挑战。在这个意义上,域外经验具有很强的本土意义。法国行政法从规范“基于算法作出的具体行为”的角度,展开算法行政法律规制的制度探索。从法律实践观察,以算法行政公开透明为中心的行政法规制框架虽具有一定效用,但无法有效应对多元的复合风险。对算法行政进行法律规制,需要在强调算法公开透明的基础上,进一步从源代码合理性、转译可靠性、数据源合法性、算法行政可诉性等维度展开系统性的规制。Public administration digitization and algorithmization have become the trend of administra⁃tive technology change in the digital age.From the perspective of administrative rule of law,how to carry out legal regulation on algorithmic risk has gradually become an important proposition in the organization and system reform of administrative law.Introducing algorithms into administrative activities not only improves administrative efficiency,but also brings unprecedented risks.It is a universal challenge for administrative law system to deal with and manage the risk of algorithmic administration.In this sense,the extraterritorial experience has a strong local significance.French administrative law explores the system of algorithmic ad⁃ministrative law regulation from the perspective of regulating“concrete act based on algorithm”.From the observation of legal practice,although the administrative law regulatory framework centered on the openness and transparency of algorithmic administration has certain effectiveness,it cannot effectively deal with mul⁃tiple compound risks.To legally regulate algorithm administration,systematic regulations should be further developed from the rationality of source code,reliability of translation,legitimacy of data source and action⁃able of algorithm administration based on emphasizing the openness and transparency of algorithms.

关 键 词：法国行政法 算法行政 具体行政行为 合法性审查 制度规制 

分 类 号：D956.5[政治法律—法学] D922.17