论政策裁量的司法审查  

On the Judicial Review of Policy-Making Discretion

作　　者：黄琳 HUANG Lin(Beijing Jiaotong University Law School,Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学法学院,北京海淀100044

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2024年第4期124-135,共12页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2021年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(北京交通大学人才基金项目资助)“行政执法中的政策裁量运行机制及其司法审查研究”(项目编号:2021RCW108)。

摘　　要：行政机关在执法时会直接援引当时当地的政策文件进行政策裁量,也会在法律适用过程中依据相应的政策性文件精神来间接导入政策裁量。政策裁量肩负着“政策考量”与“行政裁量”两个不同面向的任务,帮助行政机关筛选出法律授权范围内的适当解释结论,并对其产生正反双重影响。案例分析显示,司法审查倾向于不尊重政策裁量结果且审查姿态不统一,削弱了政策裁量的正面效应。其根源在于我国法院兼具纠纷解决型司法与政策实施型司法双重特质,在政策裁量司法审查过程中,追求社会效果的政策实施职能更为重要。为此,应建构起政策裁量司法审查的理想框架,法院可以通过探索政策裁量的生存空间、检视政策裁量结论的合理性、明确司法审查介入政策裁量的限度来实现“两个效果相统一”的目标。When enforcing the law,the administrative organs will directly invoke the local policy doc⁃uments at the time for policy-making discretion,and will also indirectly import policy-making discretion based on the spirit of the corresponding policy documents in the process of applying the law.Policy-making discretion shoulders the tasks of“policy consideration”and“administrative discretion”in two different as⁃pects,helping administrative organs to screen out the appropriate interpretative conclusions within the scope of legal authorization,and exerting both positive and negative influences on them.Case analysis shows that judicial review tends not to respect the results of policy-making discretion and the review postures are not uniform,weakening the positive effect of policy-making discretion.The root cause is that the courts in Chi⁃na have the dual qualities of dispute resolution justice and policy enforcement justice.In the process of judi⁃cial review of policy-making discretion,the policy enforcement function of pursuing social effects is more important.In this regard,an ideal framework for judicial review of policy-making discretion should be con⁃structed,and the courts can achieve the goal of“harmonization of the two effects”by exploring the living space of policy-making discretion,examining the reasonableness of the conclusions of policy-making dis⁃cretion,and clarifying the limits of judicial review of intervention in policy-making discretion.

关 键 词：行政解释 公共政策 政策裁量 纠纷解决型司法 政策实施型司法 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D926[政治法律—法学]