海洋沉积物中微塑料的多样性及生态毒理效应  

Diversity and Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics in Marine Sediments

作　　者：李艋 廉洁[1] LI Meng;LIAN Jie(School of Investigation,People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学,侦查学院,北京100038

出　　处：《塑料》2024年第4期55-60,共6页Plastics

基　　金：中国人民公安大学刑事科学技术双一流创新研究专项(2023SYL06)。

摘　　要：微塑料(MPs)目前已经广泛分布于全球海洋沉积物中,成为国际环境污染研究的热点之一。但是,有关海洋沉积物中微塑料的研究仍较少。系统地研究了微塑料在海洋沉积物中的来源及分布,包括初级及次级微塑料的来源。详细分析了MPs的物理性质、化学性质及聚合物成分,对不同聚合物及添加剂对MPs的特性及生态环境的影响进行了研究。并且,重点分析了MPs在海洋沉积物中的生态毒理学效应,包括摄食、生物吸附及毒性机制。通过对微塑料在海洋沉积物中的行为进行深入研究,有利于更全面地分析其对海洋生态系统及生物的潜在影响。Microplastics,a hot topic in international pollution research,were widely distributed in global marine sediments.However,research on microplastics in marine sediments remains insufficient.The origins and distribution of microplastics,including primary and secondary sources,in marine sediments were investigated.The physical and chemical properties,as well as the polymer composition of microplastics,were discussed in detail,with an emphasis on the influence of different polymers and additives on the characteristics and ecological impact of microplastics.The ecological toxicological effects of microplastics in marine sediments,including ingestion,bioadhesion,and toxicity mechanisms,were thoroughly examined.Indepth research into the behavior of microplastics in marine sediments contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of their potential impact on marine ecosystems and organisms.These findings provide crucial support for the development of scientifically⁃based measures to control marine microplastic pollution,offering significant importance in addressing contemporary environmental issues.

关 键 词：微塑料 海洋沉积物 来源与分布 物理及化学性质 生态毒理学效应 

分 类 号：TQ322[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]