鸡粪好氧堆肥中影响抗生素降解的理化因子和优势菌群分析  

Physicochemical factors and dominant bacterial groups affecting antibiotic degradation in chicken manure aerobic compost

作　　者：黄飞霏 刘建坤 王晓明 雷蒙龙 田晓美 崔彦如[3,4] 张大雷 HUANG Fei-fei;LIU Jian-kun;WANG Xiao-ming;LEI Meng-long;TIAN Xiao-mei;CUI Yan-ru;ZHANG Da-lei(School of Energy and Enviroment,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China;Liaoning Energy Research Institute Co,LTD,Yingkou 115000,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural sciences,Changchun 130000,China;Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Changchun 130000,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学能源与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110136 [2]辽宁省能源研究所有限公司,辽宁营口115000 [3]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130000 [4]农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第8期4641-4651,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：营口市揭榜挂帅关键技术攻关项目(2021JH3/0200003);东北农村旱厕粪污除臭及厌氧处理技术研究(KLRTSTTMARA2022-1);吉林省科技发展重点研发计划项目(20210203122SF)。

摘　　要：以鸡粪为原料,外源添加土霉素、泰乐菌素模拟抗生素残留来进行模拟堆肥,研究EM菌剂作用下对抗生素降解的关键优势菌群的影响,揭示好氧堆肥过程中抗生素去除的生物强化作用机制.试验设置4个处理:OCK(土霉素)、OTK(土霉素+EM菌剂)、TCK(泰乐菌素)、TTK(泰乐菌素+EM菌剂),抗生素添加量均为100mg/kg,菌剂添加量为堆体总质量的5%,结果表明:抗生素残留几乎不影响堆肥腐熟,各处理均能达到腐熟标准.其中堆肥温度在60℃持续6d以上,pH值为8.5~9.0,EC为3~3.5mS/cm.高温期是抗生素去除速率最快的阶段,高温期各处理抗生素去除率分别为OCK:71.63%,OTK:76.40%,TCK:93.86%,TTK:92.95%.EM菌剂能够加快抗生素特别是土霉素的降解,可使土霉素降解速率增加5倍,泰乐菌素降解速率增加2.24倍.好氧堆肥有效的地去除了抗生素的残留,腐熟期各处理抗生素去除率分别为OCK 89.97%,OTK 91.32%,TCK 99.99%,TTK 99.99%.pH值是影响土霉素、泰乐菌素降解的关键理化因子,与抗生素的含量呈现负相关性,适当的调节堆体的pH值有利于更快的降解抗生素.利于土霉素降解的优势菌群主要有扁丝菌(planifilum),温双岐菌(Thermobifida),芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)和类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus),相对丰度(RAs)分别为0.24%~8.76%,2.70%~10.91%,11.38%~26.16%,1.95%~4.56%.利于泰乐菌素降解的优势菌群主要有热芽孢杆菌(Thermobacillus),芽孢杆菌(Bacillus).RAs分别为7.19%~39.09%,41.70%~44.29%.芽孢杆菌对土霉素和泰乐菌素的降解均有促进作用.Taking chicken manure as raw material,the influence of EM microbial agent on the key dominant bacterial groups controlling the degradation of antibiotics were studied in the compost simulated by adding oxytetracycline and tylosin to simulate antibiotic residues.The objective is to explore the bioenhancing mechanism of antibiotic removal in aerobic composting.The experiment was carried out consisting of four treatments,that is,OCK(oxytetracycline),OTK(oxytetracycline+EM bactericide),TCK(Tylomycin+EM bactericide),TTK(Tylomycin+EM bactericide).The amounts of added antibiotics and EM microbial agent were 100mg/kg and 5%of the total mass,respectively.The results showed that the residue of antibiotics had little effect on compost maturation,and all treatments could reach the maturation standard.The composting temperature exceeded 60℃for more than 6days,the pH value ranged from 8.5 to 9.0,the EC was 3~3.5mS/cm.The removal of both antibiotic mostly happened at high temperature stage,When the removal rates of antibiotics were correspondingly OCK:71.63%,OTK:76.40%,TCK:93.86%,TTK:92.95%.The EM microbial agent accelerated the degradation of antibiotics,especially for oxytetracycline,which could increase the degradation rate of oxytetracycline by 5 times and that of Tylomycin by 2.24 times.At mature stage,aerobic compost effectively removed the antibiotic residues,with higher antibiotic removal rates of four treatments,OCK 89.97%,OTK 91.32%,TCK 99.99%,TTK 99.99%.pH value is identified as a key physicochemical factor affecting the degradation of oxytetracycline and tylomycin,which was negatively correlated with the content of both antibiotics,so proper adjustment of the pH was conducive to faster degradation of antibiotics.The dominant bacterial groups conducive to oxytetracycline degradation mainly include Planifilum,Thermobifida,Bacillus and Paenibacillus,with Relative abundance(RAs)were 0.24%~8.76%,2.70%~10.91%,11.38%~26.16%,and 1.95%~4.56%.While Thermobacillus and Bacillus was helpful for degradation of Tylomycin with RA

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 抗生素 生物强化 优势菌群 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]