电解铝液精炼及对原铝导电性能和力学性能的影响  

Refining of electrolytic aluminum liquid and effects on conductivity and mechanical properties of primary aluminum

作　　者：王正兴 金会心[1] 黄润[1] 雷二帅 顾伟 WANG Zhengxing;JIN Huixin;HUANG Run;LEI Ershuai;GU Wei(College of Materials and Metallurgy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学材料与冶金学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国冶金》2024年第7期129-136,共8页China Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52164036,U1960201)。

摘　　要：随着电力行业的发展以及用电需求的增加,制备高强度高电导率铝导线是提高输电效率和输电容量的有效途径之一。电工纯铝与其他材料相比具有成本低、生产工艺简单等优势,但其强度较低,且受原铝中杂质元素影响电导率较低。电解铝液精炼是提高其纯度和性能的关键,因此以电解铝液铸锭为原料,通过向电解铝液精炼过程添加氟化盐类精炼剂和硼化剂,研究了其对铝液中金属杂质元素含量的影响以及对原铝导电性能和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,添加氟化盐类精炼剂后,原铝电阻率可降至27.46 nΩ·m,抗拉强度提升至58.29 MPa,伸长率提升至45.24%;加入硼化剂后对V元素的去除效果较明显,当硼添加量(质量分数)为0.08%时,V元素的去除率达到94.2%;精炼剂与硼化剂复合作用下可进一步降低原铝的电阻率,提高其抗拉强度和伸长率。在试验条件下,电解铝液较精炼前的电阻率平均下降7.54%,抗拉强度平均提升35.60%,伸长率平均提升64.84%,使得铸态原铝性能较传统铝熔体精炼工艺条件下有较大提升。研究结果可为重熔用原铝及铝型材加工和电工圆铝杆行业提供参考依据。With the development of power industry and the increase of electricity demand,the preparation of highstrength and high-conductivity aluminum wires is one of the effective ways to improve transmission efficiency and transmission capacity.Compared with other materials,electrical pure aluminum has the advantages of low cost and simple production process,but its strength is low,followed by the impurity elements in the primary aluminum which result in low conductivity.The refining process of electrolytic aluminum is crucial for enhancing its purity and optimizing its performance.Therefore,electrolytic aluminum liquid ingot was used as raw material,the impact of adding fluoride refining agents and boriding agent into the electrolytic aluminum liquid during refining process on the electrical and mechanical characteristics of primary aluminum was examined,as well as the concentration of metal impurities in the aluminum liquid were studied.The results show that after adding fluoride refining agent,the primary aluminum resistivity can be decreased to 27.46nΩ·m,the tensile strength can be elevated to 58.29MPa,and the elongation can be boosted to 45.24%.The use of boriding agent clearly diminishes the presence of V element.At boron level of 0.08%,the removal rate of V element is 94.2%.Using both refining agent and boriding agent may effectively decrease the resistivity of primary aluminum while enhance its tensile strength and elongation simultaneously.Under the testing condition,the average resistivity of electrolytic aluminum falls by 7.54%after refinement,while the average tensile strength improves by 35.60%and the average elongation increases by 64.84%,The properties of as-cast primary aluminum are better than those of traditional aluminum melt refining process.The research results can provide a reference for the processing of primary aluminum and aluminum profiles for remelting and the aluminum rod industry for electrical round.

关 键 词：电解铝液 精炼剂 硼化剂 导电性能 力学性能 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]