全球价值链重构下中国制造业分工地位测度及国际比较  

Measurement and International Comparison of the Division of Labor of China's Manufacturing Industry under Global Value Chain Reconstruction

作　　者：何冬梅[1] He Dongmei(Jiangsu Open University Jiangsu Innovation Ecology Research Institute,Nanjing 210036,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]江苏开放大学江苏创新生态研究院,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《中国商论》2024年第15期1-5,共5页China Journal of Commerce

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目“新发展格局下长三角经济高质量发展的路径研究”(2021SJA0749)。

摘　　要：全球价值链(GVC)重构背景下,如何明确中国制造业GVC分工地位的现实短板及动态变化,以在新一轮全球产业竞争中保持新的竞争优势。本文基于出口贸易增加值分解模型,利用OECD-ICIO数据库(2023)数据,测度了2000—2020年中国制造业整体及分行业的GVC地位,并进行了国际比较。研究发现:(1)虽然中国制造业出口结构在优化,在GVC中的地位有所上移,但仍无法扭转分工地位相对较低的局面。(2)中国制造业当前正处于GVC分工地位提升的阵痛期,劳动力的绝对低廉和技术的绝对高度均无优势。(3)从国际比较视角来看,无论是在金砖国家还是G7国家之间,中国制造业尚未摆脱“低端锁定”的困境,GVC分工地位仍存在较大的提升空间。因此,中国应重点关注与优势国家的发展差距,充分利用国内市场和内需优势,加大对“卡脖子”技术攻关的力度,找准提升GVC分工地位的路径。How to clarify the current shortcomings and dynamic changes in the division of labor of GVC of China's manufacturing industry under the global value chain(GVC)restructuring to maintain a new competitive advantage in the new round of global industrial competition?This paper utilizes the export trade value-added decomposition model and data from the OECD-ICIO database(2023)to measure the GVC position of China's manufacturing industry as a whole and by industries from 2000 to 2020,with international comparisons conducted.The study finds that(1)although the export structure of China's manufacturing industry is being optimized and its position in GVC is rising,it is still unable to reverse the relatively low division of labor position;(2)the Chinese manufacturing industry is currently experiencing challenges in elevating its GVC division of labor position,facing no advantages in both the absolute low cost of labor and the absolute high level of technology;(3)from an international comparison perspective,whether in BRICS or G7 countries,China's manufacturing industry has not yet broken free from the"low-end lock-in"dilemma,leaving significant room for improvement in its GVC division of labor position.Therefore,China should focus on the development gap with advantageous countries,fully leverage domestic market and domestic demand advantages,intensify efforts on tackling"bottleneck"technologies,andfind paths to elevate its GVC division of labor position.

关 键 词：全球价值链 中国制造业 分工地位 国际比较 金砖国家 G7国家 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济]