言说不可言说:《最后一案》对侦探小说的改写及其审美效果  

Speaking the Unspeakable:Reframing the Detective Narratives in The Final Solution and Its Aesthetic Effects

作　　者：翟乃海[1] Zhai Naihai(School of Foreign Languages,Shandong Norma University,Ji'nan,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学外国语学院,山东济南250358

出　　处：《外国文学》2024年第4期25-34,共10页Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“流散文学与人类命运共同体研究”(21&ZD277);山东省社会科学规划研究重点项目“美国解构主义文论的本土化建构研究”(22BWWJ01)。

摘　　要：迈克尔·夏邦的中篇小说《最后一案》表面上模仿了福尔摩斯系列探案故事,暗中却通过复杂的改写和重构,把调查对象从谋杀个案引向集体屠杀,把调查过程从展示理性的胜利导向揭露帝国主义暴行,把结尾从肯定侦探的权威改为发出他者的声音,把“最后一案”的语义转换为“最终解决方案”以及对大屠杀灾难的最终解释,从而述说了难以言说的犹太大屠杀灾难。《最后一案》通过颠覆处于中心的经典故事,凸显在边缘和缝隙中的他者话语,使读者的阅读体验从轻松愉悦转变为对理性、帝国主义、殖民主义与大屠杀关系的深度思考,但是小说对大屠杀的讲述又是节制的,作者的含蓄和沉默也使人感受到改写型叙事的情感张力。In his novella The Final Solution,Michael Chabon invokes a Holmesian detective story to explore the causes of the Holocaust during wWIl.Chabon reframes the formula of classical detective stories by transforming murder cases into mass murder in the introductory part,characterizing the detective as the representative of imperialism rather than an incarnation of reason in the investigation,and elevating the voices of the Other and devaluing the authority of the detective in the denouement.This approach successfully multiplies the import of the"Final Solution,'evolving from the last case ever solved by Holmes into a"Final Solution to Jewish Question,'thus reformulating the unspeakable catastrophe.As a result,the novella subverts Western classical discourses and excavates the voices of others in the margins,forcing readers to perceive the correlations between imperialism,colonialism,rationality,and the Holocaust rather than obtaining pleasures in comfort.Meanwhile,Chabon's writing of the Holocaust is abstemious and oblique,and the reticence and silence in the reprised narrative evoke more poignancy and aesthetic feeling than mere accusation does.

关 键 词：《最后一案》 最终解决方案 改写 大屠杀书写 夏邦 

分 类 号：I712[文学—其他各国文学]