“剩余”模型:从马克思主义到精神分析学  

Title:"Surplus"Model:From Marxism to Psychoanalysis

作　　者：赵淳[1] Zhao Chun(Center for Linguistic,Literary and Cultural Studies,Sichuan International Studies University,Chongqing,China)

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学外国语文研究中心,重庆400031

出　　处：《外国文学》2024年第4期85-96,共12页Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“精神分析学文论之马克思主义维度研究”(19BWW006)。

摘　　要：马克思创立的剩余价值理论解开了剥削的秘密。“剩余”提供了一个认知视角和阐释路径,在此基础上,马尔库塞论述了剩余压抑,齐泽克提出了剩余服从,赖希建立了性经济社会学,而拉康阐发了作为欲望动因的剩余快感。在拉康看来,快感是链接象征界中的剩余价值与实在界中的剩余快感的桥梁。从工人那里,资本家剥削的不仅是体现为剩余价值的财富,还掠夺了快感和知识。借助这些知识,一个让剥削和压迫合理化、合法化的象征网络被建构起来。如果认同这个象征秩序,工人能得到的就只有构建在痛苦之上的剩余快感。通过剩余价值学说,马克思戳穿了资本主义的剥削本质;而拉康的剩余快感理论则揭露了建构资本主义象征体系的合法性和合理性的底层逻辑。The theory of surplus value by Marx unlocks the secret of exploitation."Surplus"provides a cognitive perspective,from which Marcuse elaborates on surplus repression,Zizek proposes surplus obedience,Reich establishes the sociology of sex economy,and Lacan illustrates the surplus jouissance as the motivation of desire.In Lacan's view,jouissance is a bridge between surplus value in the Symbolic and the surplus jouissance in the Real.From the workers,capitalists exploit not only the wealth embodied in surplus value but also jouissance and knowledge.With this knowledge,a symbolic network of rationalization and legalization of exploitation and oppression has been constructed.Identifying with this symbolic order,workers can only get the surplus jouissance built on pain.Through the theory of surplus value,Marx profoundly reveals the essence of capitalism's exploitation;Lacan's theory of surplus jouissance exposes the most secret underlying logic of the legitimacy and rationality of the construction of capitalist symbolic order.

关 键 词：剩余价值 剩余快感 快感 拉康 

分 类 号：G0[文化科学]