水稻土烟区烤烟不同种植体系对根际土壤特性及烟叶产质量的影响  

Effects of different planting systems on rhizosphere soil characteristics,yield and quality of tobacco leaf in growing paddy soil area

作　　者：杨宗云 李顺 诸泽明 徐卫学 秦春丽 杨加标 李微杰 杨树明[2] 张素华[3] YANG Zong-yun;LI Shun;ZHU Ze-ming;XU Wei-xue;QIN Chun-li;YANG Jia-biao;LI Wei-jie;YANG Shu-ming;ZHANG Su-hua(Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Kunming 650051,China;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司昆明市公司,昆明650051 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [3]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第6期1247-1253,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省野外科学观测研究站(202205AM070002);云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项(202305AS350013);云南省烟草公司昆明市公司科技计划项目(KMYC202205)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适合云南省植烟水稻土耕层土壤质量提升及烟叶提质增效、烤烟与多元产业有效融合的最佳种植模式。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟87号为材料,在水稻土上进行3年大田试验,设置5个处理:烤烟连作(T1,CK)、2年紫花苜蓿—1年烤烟轮作(T2)、1年紫花苜蓿—2年烤烟轮作(T3)、烤烟套作玉米(T4)、烤烟—羊肚菌轮作(T5),探讨种植模式对烟田土壤理化特性、土壤微生物数量和烟叶产量、品质的改良效应。【结果】与T1(CK)相比,烤烟轮作、套作后土壤容重降低2.47%~21.77%,土壤孔隙度、阳离子交换量、有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著增加,土壤水溶性氯无明显变化;提高土壤中大粒径团聚体含量,改善土壤结构及其稳定性。与T1(CK)相比,烤烟轮作、套作后根际土壤的真菌、细菌、放线菌数量均显著增加,增幅分别为61.82%~176.4%、13.0%~49.73%、25.38%~130.05%,微生物量碳、氮及碳氮比分别提高13.81%~60.38%、9.96%~52.40%、3.51%~5.48%。烤烟轮作、套作后烟叶的叶面积、上等烟比例、产量和产值显著增加,其中处理T2、T5产值最高,分别较T1(CK)显著提高43.28%、50.22%。与T1(CK)相比,T2、T3、T4、T5烟叶总糖、还原糖、氧化钾含量显著升高,增幅为13.96%~56.51%、7.46%~27.91%、40.76%~52.72%;烟叶总氮、烟碱含量显著降低4.13%~11.00%、3.39%~16.41%。【结论】采用“烤烟—紫花苜蓿”“烤烟—羊肚菌”轮作体系,可提升土壤肥力,改善土壤通透性、团聚体结构及土壤微生物群落丰度;对提高烟叶产量、产值,改善烟叶化学成分协调作用效果明显。【Objective】The purpose of the paper was to select the best planting mode suitable for improving the soil quality of tobacco-planting paddy soil,as well as the quality and efficiency of tobacco leaves,and effectively integrating flue-cured tobacco with diversified industries in Yunnan province.【Method】Using the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 as material,a 3-year field experiment was conducted on paddy soil,and five treatments were set up:Flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping(T1,CK),2-year alfalfa rotation-1-year flue-cured tobacco rotation(T2),1-year alfalfa rotation-2-year flue-cured tobacco rotation(T3),flue-cured tobacco intercropping corn(T4),flue-cured tobacco morchel rotation(T5),to explore the effects of planting patterns on soil physicochemical characteristics,soil microbial quantity,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】Compared with T1(CK),soil bulk density decreased by 2.47%to 21.77%after rotation and intercropping,and soil porosity,cation exchange capacity,contents of organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly,and soil water soluble chlorine had no significant change.Moreover,it could increase the content of large and medium particle size aggregates and improve the soil structure and stability.The number of fungi,bacteria and actinomyces in rotation and intercropping rhizosphere soil were significantly increased by 61.82%-176.4%,13.0%-49.73%and 25.38%-130.05%,respectively.Meantime,the microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio increased by 13.81%-60.38%,9.96%-52.40%and 3.51%-5.48%,respectively.The leaf area,proportion of high-grade,yield and output value of tobacco were significantly increased,and output value of T2 and T5 was the highest,which were significantly increased by 43.28%and 50.22%compared with T1(CK),respectively.Compared with T1(CK),the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and oxides potassium in T2,T3,T4 and T5 were significantly increased by 13.96%-56.51%,7.46%-27.91%and 40.76%-52

关 键 词：烤烟 种植体系 土壤特性 产量 烟叶化学成分 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]