南疆地区复种早熟粮饲兼用玉米叶绿素荧光特征分析  

Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of early-maturing both grain and forage multiple cropping corn in the southern Xinjiang

作　　者：张占琴[1,2] 杨相昆 颉健辉[1,2] 田海燕 桑志勤 夏春兰[1] ZHANG Zhan-qin;YANG Xiang-kun;XIE Jian-hui;TIAN Hai-yan;SANG Zhi-qin;XIA Chun-lan(Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]谷物品质与遗传改良兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第6期1254-1265,共12页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：兵团区域创新引导计划(2021BB016)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确南疆地区复种早熟粮饲兼用玉米品种最佳种植密度以及不同密度下叶绿素荧光特征参数变化规律及其与产量形成的关系,为南疆地区复播玉米种植技术的提升提供参考依据。【方法】以自育早熟粮饲兼用玉米杂交新品种XL1822和XL1903为材料,设置高、低两种密度(9.00×10^(4)和11.25×10^(4)株/hm^(2)),研究两个玉米品种高、低密度下叶片叶绿素荧光特征参数、主要农艺性状、干物质积累及产量结构等的差异。【结果】XL1822低密度处理在拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期叶片实际光量子产量[Y(Ⅱ)]、光化学淬灭系数(qL)、PSⅡ反应中心活性较高;XL1903高密度处理在拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期叶片Y(Ⅱ)、qL较高。XL1822低密度处理在吐丝期、灌浆期、成熟期叶片SPAD值略高于高密度。XL1903高密度处理全生育期叶片的SPAD值较高。XL1822低密度籽率产量为9250 kg/hm^(2)、干物质积累量为15590 kg/hm^(2),显著高于高密度处理。XL1903高密度籽率产量为9065 kg/hm^(2)、干物质积累量为19095 kg/hm^(2),显著高于低密度处理。【结论】较高的叶绿素荧光特征参数和SAPD值为玉米产量形成和干物质积累奠定基础。极早熟品种XL1822低密度处理、早熟玉米品种XL1903高密度处理在关键生育时期植株Y(Ⅱ)、qL、PSⅡ反应中心活性较高,因此XL1822种植密度为9×10^(4)株/hm^(2),XL1903种植密度为11.25×10^(4)株/hm^(2)时在南疆地区可获得较高产量。【Objective】The study aimed to ascertain the optimal planting density for early-maturing dual-purpose corn varieties(grain and forage)for multiple cropping in the southern Xinjiang region,and to investigate the variation patterns of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic parameters across different densities as well as their correlations with yield formation and to provide a scientific basis for enhancing the multiple-cropping corn cultivation technology in the southern Xinjiang region.【Method】The research employed two early-maturing grain-feed dual-purpose new breeds of maize,XL1822 and XL1903,as research materials.Two distinct densities were used for the investigation,high and low(9.00×10^(4) plants/hm^(2) and 11.25×10^(4) plants/hm^(2) respectively).The research explored the characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence,main agronomic traits,matter accumulation and yield formation,in multiple cropping corn under different density conditions in the southern Xinjiang of China.【Result】The XL1822 maize,when grown in low-density conditions,exhibited higher levels of actual photochemical quantum yield of[Y(Ⅱ)],coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching assuming(qL),and PSⅡreaction center activity during the jointing stage,big horn mouth period,silk-spinning period,and filling stage.The XL1903 maize,under high-density conditions,revealed elevated Y(Ⅱ)and qL during ointing stage,big horn mouth period,silk-spinning period.The SPAD value of the XL1822 maize during the silk-spinning period,filling stage and maturation stages under low-density conditions was slightly higher than that under high-density conditions.The SPAD value of the XL1903 maize throughout its growth period was higher under high-density conditions.The XL1822 maize,when grown under low-density conditions,exhibited a seed rate yield of 9250 kg/hm^(2) and a dry matter accumulation of 15590 kg/hm^(2),significantly outperforming high-density cultivation.Conversely,the XL1903 maize under high-density conditions had a seed rate yield

关 键 词：复种 早熟 极早熟 叶绿素荧光特征 粮饲兼用 产量 

分 类 号：S184[农业科学—农业基础科学]