蜂糖李花芽分化过程与开花特性研究  

Flower bud differentiation and flowering characteristics of Prunus salicina var.Fengtangli

作　　者：解为玮 钟乙中 钟思玲 安星 敖艳飞 肖冬娜 罗健东 彭泽 何业华[1] 郑乾明 宋贞富 刘朝阳 XIE Wei-wei;ZHONG Yi-zhong;ZHONG Si-ling;AN Xing;AO Yan-fei;XIAO Dong-na;LUO Jian-dong;PENG Ze;HE Ye-hua;ZHENG Qian-ming;SONG Zhen-fu;LIU Chao-yang(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(South China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510642,China;Anshun Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China;Institute of Pomology Science,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院/农业农村部华南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,广州510642 [2]安顺市农业科学院,贵州安顺561000 [3]贵州省农业科学院果树科学研究所/农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵阳550006

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第6期1304-1312,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(202206010038);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]重点018号);安顺市科技计划项目(安市科农重[2020]01号)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析蜂糖李的花芽分化与开花过程,为深入探究蜂糖李低产的原因提供关键信息。【方法】选取相对高产的李品种蜜李1号作为对照品种,观察蜂糖李和蜜李1号的花芽外观特征和大小,并采用石蜡切片法观察花芽的解剖结构、畸形情况、花原基数量,同时研究开花过程和花量,并特别关注过程中出现的畸形花。【结果】蜂糖李与蜜李1号花芽分化均经历了未分化期、开始分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期及雌蕊原基分化期,二者花芽的分化开始时间基本一致,但蜂糖李的花芽分化高峰期发生时间相对较早,主要集中在9月中旬至10月末,且雌雄蕊几乎同时开始分化。蜂糖李在高峰期产生了更多畸形花芽,且每个花芽分化出的花原基数量相对较少。开花期蜂糖李的花量明显低于其它李品种,并出现较多短雌蕊和双雌蕊的畸形花朵。持续观察发现,双雌蕊花后期可以发育成畸形双果。【结论】9月中旬至10月末为蜂糖李花芽分化与畸形花芽出现的高峰期。蜂糖李花芽中的畸形比例高,且每个花芽分化出的花原基数量较少,这些因素导致蜂糖李开花时畸形花较多,且花量较少,可能是导致蜂糖李低产的原因之一。【Objective】The present study aimed to provide key information for an in-depth exploration of the reasons behind the low yield of Prunus salicina var.Fengtangli by analyzing the process of flower bud differentiation and flowering in Fengtangli.【Method】A relatively high-yielding plum variety,Mili No.1,was selected as the control.The external characteristics and size of flower buds in Fengtangli and Mili No.1 were observed.The anatomical structure,deformities and the number of flower primordia were studied using the paraffin section method.The flowering process,flower quantity and the occurrence of abnormal flowers were also investigated.【Result】Both Fengtangli and Mili No.1 plums experienced undifferentiated,initial differentiation,sepal primordia differentiation,petal primordia differentiation,stamen primordia differentiation,and pistil primordia differentiation phases during flower bud differentiation.Although the initiation time of flower bud differentiation in Fengtangli was similar to Mili No.1,the peak period of differentiation in Fengtangli occurred relatively early,mainly concentrated from mid-September to the end of October.Furthermore,Fengtangli exhibited a higher occurrence of abnormal flower buds during the peak period,with fewer flower primordia differentiated in each bud.During the flowering period,the flower quantity of Fengtangli was significantly lower than that of other plum varieties,and a higher frequency of short pistils and double pistils in abnormal flowers was observed.Continued observation revealed that late-stage double pistil flowers could develop into deformed double fruits.【Conclusion】The peak period of flower bud differentiation and the occurrence of abnormal flower buds in Fengtangli are from mid-September to the end of October.Fengtangli has a higher proportion of deformities in flower buds,and each flower bud differentiates fewer flower primordia.These factors contribute to the higher occurrence of abnormal flowers and lower flower quantity during flowering,potential

关 键 词：蜂糖李 低产 花芽分化 花原基 双雌蕊 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]