喀斯特地区生态网络构建及典型区域优化——以黔西南布依族苗族自治州为例  

Ecological network construction and typical regional optimization in karst areas:Taking Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture as an example

作　　者：邓馨 陈永毕 杨霄 王思恬 DENG Xin;CHEN Yong-bi;YANG Xiao;WANG Si-tian(Karst Research Institute of Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550000,China;National Engineering Research Center for Karst Desertification,Guiyang 550000,China;School of Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵阳550000 [2]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳550000 [3]扬州大学植物保护学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第6期1349-1360,共12页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42261056)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索喀斯特地区生态网络构建与典型区域划分、整体网络布局优化的方法,为黔西南布依族苗族自治州(下称黔西南州)城乡一体化发展及生态文明建设有理有序开展空间布局和模式优化提供参考依据。【方法】基于空间主成分分析筛选约束因子,形成综合阻力面,利用形态学空间格局分析方法(MSPA)和最小累计阻力模型(MCR)识别重要生态廊道及生态节点构建生态网络划分典型区域,结合生态断裂点及生态暂歇点识别,提出生态网络整体优化及分区管控建议。【结果】黔西南州生境斑块具有明显的分区差异性,核心区面积为5908.81 km^(2),集中连片分布于研究区东南及西南部区域,生境质量较高;北部及中部区域因带状耕地分布较多,打破了林地的空间连续性,导致核心区斑块破碎化严重。基于MSPA识别出斑块面积大于1 km^(2)的生态源地44个;基于MCR模型生成潜在生态廊道55条,总长度2563.422 km;基于生态廊道进行生态网络构建识别出生态节点43个。生态网络主要分布在研究区东南部;中部及北部生态源地相对较少,导致生态廊道断裂,南北区域缺少物质信息交流的渠道。将研究区划分为6个生态典型区域并提出针对性管控策略,新增生态旅游景点26个、生态暂歇点39个和生态断裂点32个;提出生态网络整体优化布局建议。【结论】黔西南州生态网络构建及典型区域优化有利于形成更具连续性、完整性的生态保护格局和空间网络体系,进而为喀斯特地区生态网络构建提供科学的生态网络范式,为城乡一体化发展提供科学策略。【Objective】The paper aimed to explore the methods of ecological network construction,typical area division and method of optimizing the overall network layout in karst region,so as to provide reference for the spatial layout and mode optimization of the integrated urban-rural development and ecological civilization construction in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(Qianxinan Prefecture)in a rational and orderly manner.【Method】The constraint factors were screened based on spatial principal component analysis to form a comprehensive resistance surface.The method of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)and the model of minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)were used to identify important ecological corridor and ecological node and build ecological network to divide typical area.Combined with ecological fault points and ecological breakpoints,the suggestions for overall optimization of ecological network and partition control were put forward.【Result】Habitat patches in Qianxinan Prefecture showed obvious zoning variability,with the core area of 5908.81 km^(2),which was centrally and continuously distributed in the southeastern and southwestern regions of the study area,with high habitat quality.The northern and central regions were more distributed with banded cropland,which broke the spatial continuity of the forested land,resulting in more serious fragmentation of patches in the core area.A total of 44 ecological source sites with patch area larger than 1 km^(2) were identified based on MSPA.55 potential ecological corridors were generated based on the MCR model,with a total length of 2563.422 kilometers.43 ecological nodes were identified based on the ecological network construction of the ecological corridors.The ecological network was mainly distributed in the southeastern part of the study area.There were relatively few ecological sources in the central and northern parts of the study area,resulting in broken ecological corridors and a lack of channels for the exchange of material info

关 键 词：形态学空间格局 最小累积阻力模型 生态廊道 生态网络构建 黔西南布依族苗族自治州 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]