不同干燥方法对番红花去柱头花朵化学成分及抗氧化活性的影响  

Effects of different drying methods on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Crocus sativus flowers without stigma

作　　者：李雪 谭瑾 张定堃[1] 李芳琼 杨惟敬 杨婷[1] 吴京 裴瑾[1] 马鸿雁[1] LI Xue;TAN Jin;ZHANG Dingkun;LI Fangqiong;YANG Weijing;YANG Ting;WU Jing;PEI Jin;MA Hongyan(State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd.,Mianyang 622651,China;Guiyang Xinqi Microwave Industry Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550018,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川成都611137 [2]好医生药业集团有限公司,四川绵阳622651 [3]贵阳新奇微波工业有限责任公司,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《中草药》2024年第13期4386-4398,共13页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：四川省科技支撑项目(2020YFN0082)。

摘　　要：目的研究热风40、50、60℃干燥,微波和冷冻5种不同干燥方法对番红花Crocus sativus去柱头花朵品质和成分的影响,以期开发出干燥效果好、效率高、成本低的产地加工方式。方法采用UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS对不同干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵物质基础进行对比,并结合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares method-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)进行差异分析;采用UHPLC-MS/MS法同时测定4种差异黄酮类化合物含量;利用抗氧化试剂以评价不同干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵体外抗氧化活性。结果利用UPLC-QOrbitrap HRMS从5种干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵中共鉴定出59个共有化合物,包括1种生物碱、6种有机酸、11种氨基酸、2种核苷、33种黄酮、5种萜类、1种香豆素类成分。PCA表明,不同干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵中化学成分存在差异;OPLS-DA筛选出14个共有差异化合物,以黄酮类和氨基酸类化合物为主。UHPLC-MS/MS定量分析结果表明,不同干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵中的山柰酚、山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素、槲皮素3-O-葡萄糖苷含量存在差异,以微波干燥样品中槲皮素含量最高,为(63.07±2.69)μg/g。不同干燥方法样品均表现出抗氧化活性,以微波干燥效果最为显著。结论不同干燥方法明显影响番红花去柱头花朵的品质。热风干燥和冷冻干燥存在不同程度破坏番红花去柱头花朵内部结构的问题,且热风干燥过程有效成分易被氧化,其自身的抗氧化活性降低。微波干燥番红花去柱头花朵的色泽、总黄酮含量、体外抗氧化能力都具有显著优势,可考虑作为番红花去柱头花朵的产地加工的首选干燥方法,以支撑番红花去柱头花朵进一步的综合开发利用。Objective The effects of five drying methods of hot air drying at 40,50,60℃,microwave drying and vacuum freeze-drying on the quality and composition of Fanhonghua(Crocus sativus)flowers without stigma were studied in order to develop a production and processing method of flowers with good drying effect,high efficiency and low cost.Methods UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to compare the material basis of flower samples by different drying methods.At the same time,principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were combined to evaluate the quality of flowers with different drying methods and screen and identify the differential compounds.The contents of four different flavonoids were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS method.The antioxidant activity of flowers of C.sativus without stigma in vitro was evaluated by using antioxidant kits.Results A total of 59 common compounds,including one alkaloid,six organic acids,11 amino acids,two nucleosides,33 flavonoids,five terpenoids and one coumarin,were identified from dried flower samples by five drying methods using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS.PCA showed that there were differences in the chemical composition of flowers under different drying methods.A total of 14 differential compounds were identified by OPLS-DA,mainly flavonoids and amino acid compounds.UHPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis showed that the contents of kaempferol,kaempferol 3-O-glucoside,quercetin and quercetin 3-O-glucoside in flower samples by different drying methods were different to some extent.The content of quercetin by microwave drying samples was the highest(63.07±2.69)μg/g.The samples by different drying methods showed antioxidant activity,among which microwave drying was the most significant.Conclusion Different drying methods significantly affected the quality of flowers of C.sativus without stigma.Hot air drying and freeze drying have the problem of destroying the internal structure of flowers to varying degrees,and the active ingredients are easy to be oxid

关 键 词：番红花 花朵 干燥工艺 抗氧化 热风干燥 微波干燥 冷冻干燥 UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS 主成分分析 正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析 香豆素 山柰酚 槲皮素 色泽 

分 类 号：R283.6[医药卫生—中药学]