老年高血压性脑小血管病患者的血压特点及与中医证型的相关性  

Characteristics of Blood Pressure in Elderly Patients with Hypertensive Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Their Correlation with Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types

作　　者：郝世兴 敖惠沛 李慧聪 钟伟森[2] 黄佳城 缪晓路[2] HAO Shi-Xing;AO Hui-Pei;LI Hui-Cong;ZHONG Wei-Sen;HUANG Jia-Cheng;MIAO Xiao-Lu(Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong,China;Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Dongguan 523000 Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学,广东广州510006 [2]广州中医药大学东莞医院,广东东莞523000

出　　处：《广州中医药大学学报》2024年第8期1962-1970,共9页Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：广东省东莞市社会发展科技计划项目(编号:20231800940002)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨老年高血压性脑小血管病患者的血压特点及其与中医证型的相关性。【方法】采用回顾性分析方法,纳入老年原发性高血压患者189例,根据是否患有脑小血管病将患者分为脑小血管病组87例和非脑小血管病组102例。收集2组患者的血压相关检查参数及中医临床四诊资料,运用统计学方法分析血压特点及其与中医证型之间的相关性。【结果】(1)动态血压参数:脑小血管病组患者的24 h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24hDBP)、日间平均收缩压(DSBP)、日间平均舒张压(DDBP)、夜间平均收缩压(NSBP)、夜间平均舒张压(NDBP)、24 h平均脉压(24hPP)、日间平均脉压(DPP)、夜间平均脉压(NPP)、最高收缩压、清晨收缩压、日间收缩压负荷值及夜间收缩压负荷值的平均值均高于非脑小血管病组(P<0.01)。(2)血压变异性:脑小血管病组患者的夜间收缩压标准差(NSSD)平均值高于非脑小血管病组(P<0.01)。(3)血压昼夜节律:2组患者的动态血压昼夜节律比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,非脑小血管病组以非杓型(50例,49.02%)和杓型(31例,30.39%)为主,而脑小血管病组以非杓型(38例,43.68%)和超杓型(31例,35.63%)为主。(4)Logistic回归分析结果显示:24hSBP(OR=1.296,95%CI:1.112~1.511)、最高收缩压(OR=1.074,95%CI:1.006~1.146)、清晨收缩压(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.013~1.118)、异常血压昼夜节律(OR=3.736,95%CI:1.663~8.390)是脑小血管病的相关影响因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(5)中医证型分布:非脑小血管病组以痰湿壅盛证(58.82%)、阴虚阳亢证(21.57%)为主,脑小血管病组以阴虚阳亢证(51.72%)、痰湿壅盛证(21.84%)为主。(6)不同证型的血压特点:痰湿壅盛证脑小血管病组的DPP显著高于非脑小血管病组(P<0.01),阴虚阳亢证脑小血管病组的24hDBP、NDBP显著高于非脑小血管病组(P<0.01)。【结论】24hSBP、最高收缩压、清晨收缩压水平升高以及异常血压昼夜Objective To explore the characteristics of blood pressure in the elderly patients with hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)and their correlation with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 189 elderly patients with essential hypertension.With reference to the presence or absence of CSVD,the patients were divided into CSVD group(87 cases)and non-CSVD group(102 cases).The blood pressure related parameters and clinical data obtained by four diagnostic methods of TCM in the two groups were collected,and then the characteristics of blood pressure and their correlation with TCM syndromes were analyzed with statistical methods.Results(1)CSVD group had higher values than non-CSVD group in the ambulatory blood pressure parameters of 24-hour systolic blood pressure(24hSBP),24-hour diastolic blood pressure(24hDBP),daytime systolic blood pressure(DSBP),daytime diastolic blood pressure(DDBP),nighttime systolic blood pressure(NSBP),nighttime diastolic blood pressure(NDBP),24-hour pulse pressure(24hPP),daytime pulse pressure(DPP),nighttime pulse pressure(NPP),maximum SBP,morning SBP,daytime SBP load and nighttime SBP load(P<0.01).(2)The analysis of blood pressure variability showed that the mean value of nighttime SBP standard deviation(NSSD)in CSVD group was higher than that in the non-CSVD group(P<0.01).(3)The analysis of circadian rhythm of blood pressure showed that there was significant difference in the comparison of circadian rhythm of ambulatory blood pressure between the two groups(P<0.05):non-CSVD group was predominated by non-dipper type blood pressure(50 cases,49.02%)and dipper type blood pressure(31 cases,30.39%),and CSVD group was predominated by non-dipper type blood pressure(38 cases,43.68%)and super-dipper type blood pressure(31 cases,35.63%).(4)Logistic regression analysis showed that 24hSBP(OR=1.296,95%CI:1.112-1.511),maximum SBP(OR=1.074,95%CI:1.006-1.146),morning SBP(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.013-1.118),abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressur

关 键 词：老年 高血压 脑小血管病 血压特点 中医证型 痰湿壅盛 阴虚阳亢 

分 类 号：R259.441[医药卫生—中西医结合] R277.7[医药卫生—中医内科学]