中子衍射应力分析技术及其应用进展  

Recent Progress in Stress Analysis Technology and Application of Neutron Diffraction

作　　者：林皓 李建[3] 杨钊龙[3] 钟圣怡 LIN Hao;LI Jian;YANG Zhaolong;ZHONG Shengyi(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;National Key Laboratory of Neutron Science and Technology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,China;SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学中子科学与技术全国重点实验室,上海200240 [3]中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所,绵阳621999 [4]上海交通大学巴黎卓越工程师学院,上海200240

出　　处：《金属学报》2024年第8期1017-1030,共14页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目No.2021YFA1600900;海洋装备前瞻创新联合基金项目No.ZCJDQZ202303A01;新进教师启动计划项目No.23X010502174。

摘　　要：中子衍射依托中子源大科学装置,能够非破坏性地获取材料内部微结构的统计信息,是建立物质微观、介观和宏观结构与性能内在联系的重要表征手段,同时也是航空发动机涡轮盘/叶片、反应堆压力容器等重大技术与装备关键部件内部残余应力定量无损评价的重要方法。本文简要介绍了中子衍射技术测量原理和基本方法,阐述了该技术在材料基础与前沿探索的研究进展,评述了其在工程构件设计、制造、服役及安全评估中的地位与作用。基于新材料和新工艺开发的共性需求,展望了中子衍射技术跨尺度、多参量分析的开发潜力,及其未来在高通量表征中的发展方向。Neutron diffraction is an advanced experimental technology relying on the neutron source scientific device,which can obtain statistical information of the internal microstructure of materials in a non-destructive manner.It is an indispensable characterization method for establishing the intrinsic relationship between the microstructure,mesoscopic,and macroscopic structure and performance of materials.At the same time,it is an important method for quantitative non-destructive evaluation of residual stress inside key components of major technologies and equipment.This article briefly introduces the measurement principle and basic methods of neutron diffraction technology,elaborates on the research progress of this technology in material foundation and cutting-edge exploration,and evaluates its position and role in engineering component design,manufacturing,service,and safety assessment.Finally,based on the common requirements for the development of new materials and processes,the development potential of neutron diffraction technology for cross scale and multi parameter analysis is discussed,as well as its future development direction in high-throughput characterization.

关 键 词：中子衍射 残余应力 高通量表征 服役安全 

分 类 号：TG142.71[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]