跨语言视角下视觉动词的行为特征研究  

A behavioral profile study of vision verbs from a cross-linguistic perspective

作　　者：戴颖 吴义诚 DAI Ying;WU Yicheng(School of Foreign Languages,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学外国语学院,福建省福州市350108 [2]浙江大学外国语学院,浙江省杭州市310058

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2024年第4期544-555,639,640,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：吴义诚主持的国家社科基金重大项目“基于大型语料库的汉语弱组构性历时演变与语言演变规律研究”(18ZDA292)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人类语言中普遍存在着两类视觉动词:强调动作的“看”类“受控视觉活动动词”和侧重结果的“见”类“非受控视觉体验动词”。国内学界对汉语视觉动词的认识存在分歧,有研究认为“看”与“见”异义,另有研究认为二者几乎完全同义。为探究这一分歧产生的原因,本文在跨语言视角下,对汉语视觉动词进行了基于语料库的行为特征分析。研究发现:1)与多数语言一样,汉语视觉动词同时具有活动义与体验义,此外还能够表达认知义;2)与一些印欧语言不同,汉语视觉活动动词的占比更高、用法更多,在层级聚类中处于核心位置;3)从跨语言视角看,汉语具有侧重视觉活动义的类型特征,对此认知不足是相关研究存在分歧的主要原因。Cross-linguistically,there are two basic types of vision verbs,viz.,"visual activity verbs"(the action-oriented LOOK type)and"visual experience verbs"(the result-oriented SEE type).However,there is controversy over whether such a distinction exists among Mandarin vision verbs.Some scholars believe that the two basic vision verbs kan and jian have distinct meanings,whereas others claim that they are almost the same in meaning.To resolve this divergence,this study conducted a corpus-based behavioral profile analysis of Mandarin vision verbs from a crosslinguistic perspective,finding that:1)similar to most languages,Mandarin vision verbs possess both the meanings of visual activity and visual experience and they are also capable of expressing cognitive meanings;2)in contrast to some Indo-European languages,Mandarin has more visual activity verbs,which can extend into a broader range of semantic domains and occupy core positions in hierarchical clustering;and 3)from a cross-linguistic perspective,Mandarin shows a preference for visual activity meaning over visual experience meaning,and it is the failure to recognize this aspect that leads to the above-mentioned differing views.

关 键 词：视觉动词 语义 结构 行为特征分析法 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]