绿孔雀近自然环境中迁地保护与行为学研究  

Study on ex-situ conservation and behavior ecology of near-nature captive green peafowl

作　　者：胡兴润 孙兴旭 HU Xingrun;SUN Xingxu(Longling Xiaoheishan Provincial Nature Reserve,Baoshan 678300)

机构地区：[1]龙陵小黑山省级自然保护区管护局,云南有保山678300

出　　处：《林业建设》2024年第3期1-7,共7页Forestry Construction

基　　金：中央财政林业改革发展资金项目(绿孔雀持续监测与人工促繁)。

摘　　要：绿孔雀(Pavo muticus)是国家一级保护鸟类,近30年来在国内种群数量下降严重。迁地保护是绿孔雀保护与研究的重要手段,而不具备放归条件的救助个体是建立人工种群的重要来源。龙陵小黑山保护区于2018年至2019年间救助了三只野生绿孔雀。经过5年基于绿孔雀原生生境的近自然环境中的养殖和繁育模式的探索,通过自然孵化成功繁育出6只绿孔雀。研究发现:(1)绿孔雀总体行为接近其在野外的状态;(2)上树夜栖时间与日落时间显著相关,但下树活动时间与日出时间相关性不显著;(3)自然孵化雏鸟出壳率和成活率均优于人工孵化。绿孔雀的救助,饲养场地的建设,以及人工种群的建立需要模拟原生境的自然条件。在人工孵化技术尚未完全成熟的条件下,优先考虑自然孵化,以确保孵化成功率和雏鸟成活率。Green peafowl(Pavo muticus)is designated as a national first-class protected species,and its population has declined seriously in China in the past 30 years.Ex situ conservation is an important approach of conservation and research of green peafowl,while rescuing individuals without conditions for release is an important source for the establishment of artificial populations.Longling Xiaoheishan Nature Reserve rescued three wild green peafowl individuals between 2018 and 2019.After 5 years'exploration of breeding and breeding model in the near natural environment based on the original habitat of green peacocks,six green peafowls were successfully bred through natural hatching.It is found that:(1)the overall behavior of green peafowls is close to its state in the wild;(2)there is a significant correlation between night roosting time and sunset time,but there is no significant correlation between tree activity time and sunrise time;(3)the hatching rate and survival rate of natural hatching chicks are better than that of artificial hatching.We suggest that the rescue of green peafowl,the construction of breeding grounds,and the establishment of artificial populations need to simulate the natural conditions of the original habitat.Under the condition that the artificial hatching technology is not yet fully mature,priority should be given to natural hatching to ensure the success rate of hatching and the survival rate of nestlings.

关 键 词：绿孔雀 迁地保护 自然孵化 季雨林 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]