不同开沟深度对甜瓜幼苗生长及果实的影响  

Effects of different furrow depths on the seedling growth and fruit of melon

作　　者：古丽孜叶·哈力克 艾力江·麦麦提[2] 杨英 杨军 Guliziye·Halike;Ailijiang·Maimaiti;YANG Ying;YANG Jun(Institute of Grape and Melon of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shanshan 838200,Xinjiang,China;College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200 [2]新疆农业大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第8期136-145,共10页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家西甜瓜产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-25);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费项目(ky2021065)。

摘　　要：探讨不同开沟深度对甜瓜生长、果实形态、产量以及品质的影响,以期优化甜瓜种植技术并为甜瓜生产实践提供参考和指导。选取西州密17号、西州密25号、黄梦脆和白皮脆等4个厚皮甜瓜品种作为试验材料,在处理A(沟深15cm)、处理B(沟深30cm)、处理C(沟深45cm)以及CK(未开沟平畦)条件下进行大田种植试验,并系统研究其对土壤含水率和温度、甜瓜植株生长、果实性状的影响。结果表明,随着开沟深度的增加,各土层温差减小但差异不明显,而土壤含水量呈递增趋势。此外,开沟深度能够促进甜瓜植株生长。同时,不同开沟深度对4个甜瓜品种的果实纵径、果实横径、果肉厚度、单瓜质量以及可溶性固形物含量的影响比较明显,其中西州密17号、西州密25号和黄梦脆等甜瓜的各项指标随着开沟深度的增加呈先增后降趋势,并且不同品种在达到最高值时处理方式有所不同。通过隶属函数法对4个甜瓜品种的果实形态特征、产量以及品质进行综合比较,结果表明,在15~30cm范围内开沟能够取得最佳效果。因此,在露地栽培条件下,选择15~30 cm的适宜开沟深度能够实现优质高产的甜瓜生产目标。The present study aimed to investigate the effects of furrow depths the on growth,fruit morphology,yield and quality of melon,in order to optimize melon cultivation techniques and provide valuable references and guidance for practical production.Four melon varieties including Xizhoumi No.17,Xizhoumi No.25,Huangmengcui and Baipicui were used as test materials,and field planting experiments were conducted under different furrow depth:treatment A(15 cm),treatment B(30 cm),treatment C(45 cm)and CK(without furrow).This study investigated their effects on soil moisture and temperature,melon seedling growth and fruit traits.The results showed that as the furrow depth increased,there was a decrease in the temperature difference between soil layers,but without significance.Conversely,there was an increasing trend in soil moisture content.Furthermore,depths of furrowing positively influenced melon plant growth.Meanwhile,different furrow depths significantly impacted the horizontal diameter,cross section diameter,flesh thickness,individual fruit mass and soluble solid content of 4 melon varieties.Among them,various indicators of Xizhoumi No.17,Xizhoumi No.25 and Huangmengcui melons exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease with increasing furrow depth.Additionally,different varieties have different treatment methods when reaching their highest values.The comprehensive comparison results obtained through the membership function method for fruit morphology characteristics,yield and quality indicators of the four melon varieties demonstrate that optimal results could be achieved by maintaining a furrow depth ranging from 15 cm to 30 cm.Consequently,when cultivating melons in open field conditions,selecting an appropriate furrow depth within,this range will enable the attainment of high-quality and high-yield melon production objectives.This finding serves as a theoretical foundation for establishing suitable muskmelon planting models in the Turpan area.

关 键 词：甜瓜 开沟深度 幼苗生长 果实 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]