气候变化背景下不同类型双季稻品种生态适应性分析  

Ecological Adaptability Analysis of Different Types of Double-cropping Rice Varieties in the Context of Climate Change

作　　者：郭夏宇[1,2] 李洁冰 龙继锐 李建武[1] 艾治勇[1,2] 何爱斌[1,2] GUO Xiayu;LI Jiebing;LONG Jirui;LI Jianwu;AI Zhiyong;HE Aibin(Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-alkali Tolerant Rice,Sanya,Hainan 57200,China;Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic,Changsha,Hunan 410127,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125 [2]国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心,海南三亚572000 [3]湖南生物机电职业技术学院,湖南长沙410127

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2024年第4期90-98,共9页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2021JJ40391,2023JJ40470);国家自然科学基金(32372221);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX81);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301403)。

摘　　要：气候变化影响水稻的安全稳产,气候变化背景下不同双季稻品种生态适应性研究对于保障粮食安全具有重要意义。以不同类型双季早、晚稻品种为试验材料,在澧县、长沙、祁阳3个生态点进行2 a定点试验来分析双季稻品种生态适应性差异的原因。结果表明,年份、品种、气候条件均对双季稻产量造成影响,生育期较长的大穗型杂交稻五丰优317和Y两优911的产量分别比常规稻湘早籼45和湘晚籼17号提高了10.1%和37.9%,且Y两优911和五丰优317在不同生态区的丰产性、稳定性及综合评价最高。气象因子和双季稻产量的主成分分析结果表明,日降雨量、温度资源和日照资源是影响双季稻产量的主要因素。因此,为了适应湖南省气候变化特点,在保证安全生产的条件下,应综合考虑双季稻品种生育期搭配、地区降雨和温光资源等因素。Climate change affects the safe and stable production of rice,making it crucial to investigate the ecological adaptability of different double-cropping rice varieties under these changing conditions in order to ensure food security.In this study,different types of double-cropping early and late rice varieties were selected as experimental materials for a two-year experiment conducted at three ecological sites in Lixian,Changsha and Qiyang.The aim was to analyze the reasons for differences in the ecological adaptability of double-cropping rice varieties.The results revealed that year,variety and climate conditions all had significant impacts on the yield of double-cropping rice.Specifically,longmaturity hybrid rice varieties with larger panicles such as Wufengyou 317 and Y Liangyou 911 showed increased yields by 10.1% and 37.9%,respectively,compared to conventional rice varieties Xiangzaoxian 45 and Xiangwanxian 17.Furthermore,Y Liangyou 911 and Wufengyou 317 exhibited superior productivity,stability,and overall performance across different ecological areas.Principal component analysis of meteorological factors and double-cropping rice yield indicated that daily rainfall,temperature resources and sunlight resources were the primary factors influencing doublecropping rice yield.Therefore,in order to adapt to the unique characteristics of climate change in Hunan Province while ensuring safe production practices are maintained,a comprehensive consideration should be given to factors such as matching maturity periods for different double-cropping rice varieties along with regional rainfall patterns and temperature/light resources.

关 键 词：双季稻 品种 适应性 气候变化 气象因子 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311