局域非对称成分统制、分配义词素与汉英对举供用句的共性机制研究  

Local Asymmetric C-command,the Distributive Morpheme and the Syntactic Derivation of Amount Alignment Structures in Chinese and English

作　　者：马志刚[1] 洪霞 Ma Zhigang;Hong Xia(Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University ofForeign Studies,Guangzhou Guangdong 510420)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心,广东广州510420

出　　处：《语言科学》2024年第4期409-420,共12页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD24CWY07);广东省社科规划2024年常规一般项目(GD24CWY15)资助。

摘　　要：以往研究采用传统题元理论来定义“一张床睡三个人/三个人睡一张床”这类结构中数量名短语的语义角色,不能反映该类句式中的句法语义关系。其中的数量名短语并非是由动词“睡”进行选择并指派题元的论元,而是由具有分配义内涵的数量算子“每”执行语义和语类选择的次范畴化成分。因此,数量对举供用句才应该是更为恰当的称谓,必须成对出现的两个名词短语都是纯粹表数量的无定词组,从而可以满足功能中心语“每”的语类选择和语义要求。依据最简方案的语法架构,狭义句法(NS)完成句法体的移交后,概念意愿系统(CI)依据中心语“每”的分配义内涵和数量名短语间的成分统制关系为“供”句和“用”句指派语义表征,而感觉运动系统(SM)则依据功能性词素和方式类附加语二者在拼读方面都具备的可选性组配生成四类不同但却有机关联的变体句式。It is inappropriate to resort to traditional theta theory to define the semantic roles of the numeral-classifier-noun phrases in structures like“Yi Zhang Chuang shui san ge ren/San ge ren shui yi zhang chuang”,since the relevant noun phrases are actually not the selected arguments of the verb“shui”.Relevant NPs are actually selected by the quantifier operator of distribution,which is responsible for the core semantics of this type of structures.Quantifier phrases denoting measurement are obligatory in this type of structures,whereas any definite noun phrases may undermine its semantic denotation,hence the term“for/use’variants”.Abiding by the grammar architecture of Minimalist Program,after Narrow Syntax accomplishes the transfer of the syntactic object,Conceptual-Intentional system,by resorting to the semantic content of the distributional“mei”(每)and the direction of c-command between the relevant two Numeral Ps,assigns semantic representations to“for”and“use”variants.Meanwhile,Sensori-motor system,on the basis of the spell-out optionality of the functional morpheme and manner roots,assigns four different but related variants for the Amount Alignment Structures.

关 键 词：供/用句 非动词句 隐性语素“每” 嫁接和合并 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]