2022年贵州省新生入学肺结核筛查情况分析  

Analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis screening among freshmen in Guizhou Province in 2022

作　　者：廖龙 陈慧娟[1,2] 李进岚 王芸[2] 黄爱菊[1] Liao Long;Chen Huijuan;Li Jinlan;Wang Yun;Huang Aiju(Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang 550004,Guizhou,China;School of Public Health,the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 561113,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004 [2]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳561113

出　　处：《贵州医药》2024年第8期1183-1187,共5页Guizhou Medical Journal

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般030)。

摘　　要：目的对入学新生进行肺结核筛查结果进行分析,为贵州省学校结核病防控工作提供一定的基础数据和参考依据。方法对2022年贵州省入学新生开展肺结核筛查。筛查内容有症状筛查(肺结核密切接触史、肺结核可疑症状)、结核菌素皮肤试验(PPD试验)/重组结核杆菌融合蛋白试验(EC试验)、胸部X线片3种,根据不同年级采取不同筛查方法。采用构成比、百分率、千分率等进行描述性分析。结果2022年贵州省共有7651所学校的1675408名新生参加了入学肺结核筛查。肺结核密切接触史率、可疑症状率分别为1.64‰、1.26‰;PDD强阳性率为2.02%、EC阳性率为4.26%;肺结核检出率为16.43/10万,不同办学单位(χ^(2)=9.069,P=0.003)、不同寄宿类型(χ^(2)=92.747,P<0.001)和不同学校类型(P=0.003)的活动性肺结核检出率差异均有统计学意义。结论新生入学肺结核筛查工作对于学校肺结核疫情防控和降低学生肺结核患病水平具有重要意义;要进一步加强对新生的肺结核的健康教育,提升自我防护意识。Objective To provide some basic data and reference for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools in Guizhou Province by screening the new students for tuberculosis and analyzing the results.Methods Tuberculosis screening will be carried out for freshmen entering Guizhou Province in 2022.The screening contents includes symptom screening that history of close contact with tuberculosis,suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis,test(PPD/EC)and chest X-ray,and different screening methods were adopted according to different grades.Descriptive analysis was carried out by composition ratio,percentage and thousandth percentage.Results A total of 1,675,408 new students in 7,651 schools in Guizhou Province were enrolled in the physical examination tuberculosis screening program.The rates of close contact history and suspicious symptoms were 1.64‰and 1.26‰,respectively.The positive rate of PPD was 2.02%and that of EC was 4.26%,and there were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis among different schools(χ^(2)=9.069,P=0.003),different boarding types(χ^(2)=92.747,P<0.001)and different school types(P=0.003).Conclusion The tuberculosis screening of incoming freshmen is crucial for tuberculosis prevention and control in schools and reducing the incidence of tuberculosis among students,especially in strengthening screening efforts for high school freshmen.

关 键 词：肺结核 学生 筛查 结核菌素试验 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]