非对称润湿性纤维复合膜的制备及其油水分离性能  

Preparation of composite fiber membranes with asymmetric wettability and oil-water separation performance

作　　者：杨硕[1,2,3] 赵朋举 程春祖 李晨暘 程博闻 YANG Shuo;ZHAO Pengju;CHENG Chunzu;LI Chenyang;CHENG Bowen(School of Light Industry Science and Engineering,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology,China Textile Academy,Beijing 100025,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,天津300457 [2]天津科技大学生物源纤维制造技术国家重点实验室,天津300457 [3]天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室,天津300457 [4]中国纺织科学研究院有限公司生物源纤维制造技术国家重点实验室,北京100025

出　　处：《纺织学报》2024年第8期10-17,共8页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22208247);生物源纤维制造技术国家重点实验室开放基金资助课题(SKL202201)。

摘　　要：为解决乳化油分离过程中分离效率和通量难以兼顾的问题,以木浆为原料,以氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,采用静电纺丝技术制备纤维素纳米纤维膜;以纤维素纳米纤维膜为亲水层,以聚丙烯熔喷布为疏水层,采用热压复合工艺,构建了具有非对称润湿性材料(Janus)特性的纤维复合膜,并应用于乳化油的油水分离。结果表明:在最佳工艺条件下,复合膜的孔径为0.826μm,分离效率为98.8%,通量为9798.8 L/(m^(2)·h);复合膜具有优异的重复使用性能,使用10次后其分离效率仍能保持在98%,通量达9444.5 L/(m^(2)·h);复合膜对正己烷、正庚烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、石油醚均具有显著分离效果,其分离效率均大于98%,通量均在9000 L/(m^(2)·h)以上。Objective Emulsified oil is known to be difficult to separate due to the close combination of water and oil,and Janus composite membrane with multiple wettability is studied aiming to effectively separate the emulsified oil.In this study,the Janus structure is constructed by two layers of fiber membranes with different wettability,and the difference of micro-nanometer size is used to solve the problem of high separation efficiency and low flux of composite membranes,so as to prepare composite membranes with both high separation efficiency and high flux.Method Janus composite membranes with micro-and nano-structures were prepared from cellulose nanofiber membranes as hydrophilic layer and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens as hydrophobic layer by hot pressing method.The prepared cellulose-polypropylene composite nanofiber membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope,capillary flow pore size analyzer and contact angle tester.The composite membranes were also tested for pore size,Laplace force,separation performance,repeatability and generalizability.Results The cellulose nanofiber membrane prepared by electrostatic spinning technology using cellulose as raw material.The results showed that when the spinning voltage was 25 kV,the spinning rate was 5 mL/h and the spinning time was 16 h,the cellulose nanofiber membranes showed the best performance,with an average pore size of 5.029μm and a thickness of 0.281 mm.The cellulose nanofiber membrane showed amphiphilicity in air,oleophobicity under water,and hydrophilicity under oil,which can be used as a hydrophilic material for Janus structure.Polypropylene meltblown nonwovens exhibits hydrophobicity and lipophilicity in air,hydrophobicity under oil,and lipophilicity under water,and can be used as a hydrophobic material for Janus structure.The Janus membrane was then prepared by laminating cellulose nanofiber membrane and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens in combination with hot pressing process.The areal density of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens,hot

关 键 词：纤维素 静电纺丝 纳米纤维 聚丙烯熔喷布 油水分离 非对称润湿性材料 

分 类 号：TS174.8[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]