宜良青龙山遗址出土兵器木构件用材鉴定及特点研究  

Identification and characteristics of the wooden components of weapons unearthed at the Qinglongshan site in Yiliang

作　　者：徐栋 王宪[3] 邱冬妮 李培聪 陈松阳 XU Dong;WANG Xian;QIU Dongni;LI Peicong;CHEN Songyang(School of History and Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Kunming 650200,China;College of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Department of Archaeology and Art History,Korea University,Sejong 30019,Korea;Kunming Museum,Kunming 650041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065 [2]云南省文物考古研究所,云南昆明650200 [3]西南林业大学材料与化学工程学院,云南昆明650224 [4]高丽大学考古美术史学系,韩国世宗30019 [5]昆明市博物馆,云南昆明650041

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第4期50-56,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金基础研究专项(202001AS070044)资助。

摘　　要：为深入研究宜良青龙山遗址的历史和文化意义,对出土的12个兵器木构件样本进行了鉴定和分析。鉴定结果显示,兵器木构件使用了硬木松(Pinus sp.)、红锥(Castanopsis sp.)、石楠(Photina sp.)、八角枫(Alangium sp.)、麻楝(Chukrasia sp.)、楠木(Phoebe sp.)以及禾本科竹共计7种木材。古人根据这些木材的特点,选择密度较低、韧性好的木材用于箭杆;硬度大、密度高、耐冲击、稳定性好的木材用于长柄兵器杆。研究首次发现,云南地区竹制兵器柄实物,推测为复合竹材。同时,通过木材共存生态因子分析,初步揭示了遗址周边的古气候环境,年均温约为13.3℃至18.7℃,年均降水量约为868~1363 mm。研究结果,为后期出土兵器的保护修复提供了依据,也为古滇时期兵器木构件用材和气候环境研究等提供了线索。In order to conduct in-depth research on the historical and cultural significance of the Qinglongshan site in Yiliang,12 samples from the wooden components of unearthed weapons were identified and analyzed.The identification results show that there were 7 kinds of wood,namely Pinus sp.,Castanopsis sp.,Photinia sp.,Alangium sp.,Chukrasia sp.,Phoebe sp.and Poaceae bamboo,used for the wooden components of the weapons.According to the characteristics of these kinds of wood,the ancients chose the ones with lower density and better toughness for arrow shafts,and the ones with high hardness,high density,impact resistance and good stability for long handled weapon rods.Actual bamboo weapon handles were found in Yunnan region for the first time in our study,and it is speculated that they were made of composite bamboo materials.In addition,through the analysis of coexisting ecological factors of wood,the ancient climate environment around the site was preliminarily revealed to have an average annual temperature of approximately 13.3℃to 18.7℃and an average annual precipitation of approximately 868 mm to 1363 mm.These results provide a basis for the conservation and restoration of weapons unearthed in the future,as well as clues for the study of the materials used for wooden components of weapons and regarding the climate environment during the ancient period of Yunnan.

关 键 词：青龙山遗址 木材考古 古滇文化 木材利用 

分 类 号：K879.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]