不同消解方法对土壤和沉积物中重金属测定的影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Different Digestion Methods on the Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil and Sediment

作　　者：章方扬 黄玲 陈淦昌 ZHANG Fangyang;HUANG Ling;CHEN Ganchang(Institute of Analysis,Guangdong Academy of Sciences(China National Analytical Center,Guangzhou);China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology,Guangzhou 510070,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院测试分析研究所(中国广州分析测试中心) [2]广东省化学测量与应急检测技术重点实验室,广州510070

出　　处：《中国资源综合利用》2024年第7期29-32,共4页China Resources Comprehensive Utilization

摘　　要：样品预处理是提高测定结果准确性的有效方法,不同消解方法可能影响土壤和沉积物中重金属含量的测定。微波消解法和电热板消解法是两种常用的消解方法。试验运用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤和沉积物中铜、铅、锌、镍、铬的含量,对比两种常用消解方法对测定结果的影响。结果表明,两种消解方法均能满足日常工作检测要求。其中,电热板消解法消解时间长,人员及时间成本耗费较大,达到同等预处理效果时,其用酸量较微波消解法大,产生的酸雾废气对环境及人员危害大;微波消解法用时短,试剂用量少,消解效果好,特别是对含较高有机质的样品消解充分,准确度及精密度高,加标回收率好。Sample pretreatment is an effective method to improve the accuracy of measurement results,and different digestion methods may affect the determination of heavy metal content in soil and sediment.Microwave digestion and electric heating plate digestion are two commonly used digestion methods.The flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry is used to determine the content of copper,lead,zinc,nickel,and chromium in soil and sediment,and the effects of two commonly used digestion methods are compared on the determination results in the experiment.The results indicate that both digestion methods can meet the requirements of daily work detection.Among them,the electric heating plate digestion method has a long digestion time,high personnel and time costs,and when achieving the same pretreatment effect,it requires a larger amount of acid than the microwave digestion method,and the acid mist and exhaust gas generated are more harmful to the environment and personnel;microwave digestion method has the advantages of short time,low reagent dosage,good digestion effect,especially fully digesting for samples with high organic matter content,the accuracy and precision are high,and the spiked recovery rate is good.

关 键 词：消解方法 重金属 土壤 沉积物 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程]