呼吸防护用品颜面分栏和适合性检验研究进展  

Research progress on facial classfication and fit testing for the respiratory protective equipment

作　　者：黄启帆 苏世标[1] 朱嘉伟 李荣宗[1] HUANG Qifan;SU Shibiao;ZHU Jiawei;LI Rongzong(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300 [2]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第3期356-360,F0003,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家标准体系建设项目(131031109000160010);广东省职业健康工程技术研究中心(D:2019A069);广州市科技计划项目(202103000012)。

摘　　要：呼吸防护用品(RPE)是保护劳动者身体健康的有效措施。国内外对RPE适合性检验的颜面分栏主要有洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室(LANL)分栏、美国国家职业安全卫生研究所(NIOSH)分栏、主成分分析(PCA)颜面分栏、中国汉族成年人颜面分栏和中国青年男性颜面分栏。其中,LANL分栏的适用性较低;NIOSH分栏综合考虑了研究对象的族裔和地区,对美国人群有较好的代表性;PCA颜面分栏使用复杂,与RPE尺寸匹配度低;中国汉族成年人颜面分栏和中国青年男性颜面分栏对中国汉族人群以及青年人群的颜面数据均有较高的覆盖率。适合性检验方法主要有定性方法和定量方法。定性方法主要有乙酸异戊酯法、糖精溶液喷雾法、苦味剂喷雾法和刺激性烟雾法,具有成本低廉、操作简单,但受测试对象主观性影响较大的特点;定量方法主要有生成气溶胶法、环境气溶胶冷凝核计数法和控制负压法,具有精准量化RPE的适合程度,需要特定的测试设备和成本高昂的特点。未来应纳入多行业职业人群,结合RPE适合性检验颜面分栏和适合性检验方法,依托电子信息化平台建立随访数据库,实现动态监测不同行业职业人群的呼吸防护水平。Respiratory protective equipment(RPE) is an effective measure to protect the health of workers. The domestic and foreign facial classfication of fit testing of RPE is mainly categorized into Los Alamos National Laboratory(LANL) classification, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) classification, principal component analysis(PCA) classification, Chinese Han adult facial classification, and Chinese young male facial classification. The LANL classification has low applicability. The NIOSH classification included different ethnicity and region of the study subjects, which is more representative for the American population. The PCA facial classification is complex to use and has low matching with RPE sizes. The Chinese Han adult facial classification and Chinese young male facial classification included more facial data of Chinese Han population and young population. There are qualitative and quantitative fit testing. Qualitative methods include the isoamyl acetate method, saccharin solution aerosol method, aerosol bitter testing solution method, and irritant smoke method which are cost-effective and easy to use, but are highly subjective to the study subjects. Quantitative methods include the aerosol generated method, environmental aerosol condensation nucleus counting method, and the controlled negative pressure method, which accurately quantify the facial fit of RPE but require specific testing equipment and high costs. It is necessary to include occupational populations from multiple industries, combine facial fit testing and fit testing methods of RPE, and establish a follow-up database based on digital information platforms, to achieve dynamic monitoring of respiratory protection levels among different occupational populations in the future.

关 键 词：呼吸防护用品 防护效果 颜面分栏 适合性检验 研究进展 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]