刑律意蕴与当代传承:家族思想的价值内涵  

The Implications of Ancient Chinese Criminal Laws and Its Contemporary Inheritance: The Value Connotation of Family Thought

作　　者：李晓明[1] 赵坦 Li Xiaoming;Zhao Tan

机构地区：[1]苏州大学国家监察研究院、刑事法研究中心、王健法学院,江苏苏州215006 [2]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2024年第6期115-128,208,共15页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“刑法价值观的冲突与刑律文化融入研究”(23FFXA004);教育部中华优秀传统文化专项课题(A类)重点项目(尼山世界儒学中心/中国孔子基金会课题基金项目)“中华优秀传统法律文化与现代刑法典编纂的借鉴研究”(23JDTCA068)。

摘　　要：家族思想缘起于古代家族制度的历史实践,具有家族本位思想、家族首位思想和家族伦理思想的基本内涵,是本土法治资源的重要方面。这些思想表征于古代刑律中罪名与科刑的方方面面,使人们既可能“因家而罹难”,也可能“因家而脱罪”。就罪名言,有不孝、不睦、不贞等破坏婚姻家庭之罪和亲属间杀伤、盗窃等亲属相犯之罪;就科刑言,既有因连坐而获刑,也有因共犯尊长独坐、亲亲相隐、权留养亲、推恩宥罪而减免。家族思想固然历史久远,但仍不失其继续传承的客观现实、历史延续和社会治理基础,是刑法体系在凝聚社会共识和获取社会信任、回应个体需求和观照个体生活、因应矛盾化解和回应天理人情方面的重要依托。家族思想的当代刑法传承应以家族思想的精髓提炼为起点,以发挥刑法的规制机能为导向,以保障法律的主导地位为限制。在具体路径的选择上,其中的亲亲相隐、服制定罪的限制性回归有利于稳定社会关系和维护家庭生活,应编织进现代刑法体系之中。Familial thought originates from the historical practice of ancient familial systems, which has the basic connotations of family-oriented, family-first and family ethics, and is an important aspect of China's local legal resources. These thoughts are reflected in various aspects of ancient criminal laws concerning crimes and punishments, making it possible for people to either “suffer because of family” or“exempt because of family”. Offenses include crimes against marriage and family, such as disobedience,discord, infidelity, as well as crimes between relatives like injury and theft. Punishments range from collective sentencing to mitigations based on familial ties, concealment of kin, special privileges and pardons. Although familial thought has ancient origins, it still retains the objective reality, historical continuity, and social governance basis for continued inheritance. It constitutes a vital support for criminal law systems in consolidating social consensus, gaining social trust, addressing individual needs, attending to individual lives, resolving conflicts, and responding to moral and human nature. The contemporary inheritance of familial thoughts should take the refinement of its essence as the starting point, be guided by the regulatory function of criminal law, and be limited by ensuring the leading role of law. In terms of specific paths, the restrictive return of concealment among relatives and kinship-based punishment is conducive to stabilizing social relations and maintaining family life, which should be integrated into the modern criminal law system.

关 键 词：家族思想 古代刑律 刑法传承 亲亲相隐 服制定罪 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]