汉代图书整理活动的文体学意义——以刘向父子校书为中心  

What the Compilation and Cataloguing of Texts in the Han Period Meant for the Study of Literary Styles:An Observation Centering on Liu Xiang and Liu Xin

作　　者：李冠兰 Li Guanlan

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系,510275

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2024年第3期196-206,共11页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“出土文献与上古文学关系研究”[项目编号:20&ZD264]阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以刘向父子为代表的汉代学人对日益繁富的典籍进行了系统的校订、整理、归类。《七略》将上古以来的图籍置于刘向父子所梳理的学术思想源流脉络之中,构建了以宗经为主导的文献谱系,为后世“文本于经”等文体学思想建立了理论框架。《别录》《七略》展现了刘向父子对诸种典籍及艺术形式的性质、来源、名称之含义、文本之风格的认识,从中可找到后世“原始以表末”“释名以章义”等文体学方法之雏形。《七略》对图书的归类、编次方法透露出潜在的文体观念,对部分“杂”类图书采用“以体序书”的方式进行整理和序次,可以看作分体别集的早期形式。班固《汉书·艺文志》对《七略》书目的调整是集部观念形成的前奏。Han scholars,represented by Liu Xiang and his son Liu Xin,undertook a systematic collation,compilation and categorization of the growing number of texts.Seven Summaries(Qilüe)assigned each work from the early period to the late Western Han period to different intellectual lineages as understood by Liu Xiang and Liu Xin,creating textual lineages dominated by the Confucian classics.In turn,these textual linages established theoretical frameworks for later literary styles such as the idea that“the classics are the source of all writing”.Categorized Catalogs(Bielu)and Seven Summaries gave specific descriptions of the nature,various sources,meaning of titles and textual styles of all the materials and art forms that Liu Xiang and Liu Xin dealt with.The way in which Seven Summaries categorized and ordered the texts also revealed a potential concept of literary styles.In particular,the organization of the miscellaneous materials according to textual forms can be seen as an early pattern for arranging an anthology according to literary styles.In Records of Literature and Art in the Book of Han(Hanshu yiwenzhi),Ban Gu modified the catalog offered in Seven Summaries.This modification heralded the concept of“literary collection”in the Four Categories in ancient Chinese classification of classics,namely,scripture,history,masters and literary collection.

关 键 词：《七略》 《别录》 《汉书·艺文志》 文体观念 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] I206.2[历史地理—中国史] G259.29[文学—中国文学]