高含水气液两相流中水合物成核—生成—堵塞规律研究  

Characteristics of Hydrate Nucleation,Formation and Plugging in Gas-Liquid Two-phase Flow with High Water-cut

作　　者：孔庆文 牟婕 季鹏 庞振力 张剑波 王志远[1,4] KONG Qingwen;MU Jie;JI Peng;PANG Zhenli;ZHANG Jianbo;WANG Zhiyuan(School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;Shandong Shihua Natural Gas Co.,Ltd.,SINOPEC Gas Company,Qingdao 266061,China;Tianjin Branch of CNPC Offshore Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300451,China;National Engineering Research Center of Oil&Gas Drilling and Completion Technology,Qingdao 266580,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,青岛266580 [2]中石化天然气分公司山东实华天然气有限公司,青岛266061 [3]中国石油集团海洋工程有限公司天津分公司,天津300451 [4]油气钻完井技术国家工程研究中心,青岛266580

出　　处：《中国造船》2024年第3期151-163,共13页Shipbuilding of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(51991363,52374052);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21B2069);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2022ZZCX05K6)。

摘　　要：在海域水合物开采和深水油气钻井过程中,排水管线和井筒中易出现高含水气液两相流。在低温高压的环境中水合物在管线中生成后会出现聚集、沉积等情况,严重时会形成堵塞,威胁生产安全。基于自主搭建的高压流动环路进行试验,探究高含水条件下水合物成核、快速生成和堵塞阶段的特征,在不同初始流速和降温速率条件下分析宏观诱导时间、水合物生成量和堵塞时间的变化规律,建立了流动系统完全堵塞时水合物浓度的预测模型。结果表明,当初始流速在0.46~1.12 m/s范围内,宏观诱导时间和水合物堵塞浓度均随初始流速的升高先增大后减小,而随降温速率的增大而减小;水合物堵塞时间与初始流速呈正相关,而与降温速率呈负相关;在水合物成核和生成阶段,由传质主导转换为传热主导的特征流速为0.86±0.14 m/s;建立的水合物浓度预测模型的误差小于±15%。A high water-cut gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern is easy to appear in the drainage pipeline of the hydrate exploitation system and the wellbore of deep-water oil and gas drilling.In low-temperature and high-pressure environments,hydrates formed in the pipeline will accumulate and deposit,which will plug the pipeline in serious cases and result in flow assurance risk.The experiment of hydrate formation and plugging under the condition of high water-cut was carried out by using a high-pressure flow loop,and the stage characteristics of hydrate nucleation,fast formation,and plugging evolution were investigated.Regularities of macro induction time,hydrate concentration,and plugging time were analyzed under different initial environmental conditions.A prediction model of hydrate concentration was established for the completely plugged flow system.The results show that within the initial velocity range of 0.46~1.12 m/s,both macroscopic induction time and hydrate concentration during blockage increase and then decrease with the rise of initial velocity,and decrease with the rise of cooling rate.The time of hydrate blockage is positively correlated with the initial velocity and negatively correlated with the cooling rate.The characteristic velocity is 0.86±0.14 m/s,which determines whether the mass transfer or heat transfer is a domination factor in the stage of nucleation and formation of hydrates.The error of the hydrate concentration prediction model is less than 15%.

关 键 词：水合物 高含水体系 流动环路试验 水合物生成 水合物堵塞 浓度预测模型 

分 类 号：TE53[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]