日本科技研发体制解析  

Analysis of Japan’s Science and Technology R&D System

作　　者：周永生 王杉 ZHOU Yongsheng;WANG Shan

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际关系研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《东北亚学刊》2024年第4期104-119,149,共17页Journal of Northeast Asia Studies

基　　金：外交学院中央高校基金项目“日本21世纪安全保障战略”(3162016ZYKA03)。

摘　　要：日本是第二次世界大战以后最早提出科技立国的大国,深知在大国博弈中,科技领域是重要支柱。日本的科研体制重视以政府和国家为主导,官产学三方相结合。日本的科技体制并非简单的行政与社会体制,而是有其传统文化和社会基础的综合体系,是多方面因素推动产生的结果。尽管日本工业化先进水平主要体现在半导体技术与产业、材料技术和工业制造业等方面,但科技软硬件技术发展不平衡、在优势产业半导体领域上下游发展不平衡使其难以形成对相关整体供应链的主导力等。日本在科技人才培养和使用上也有自身弱点,而且受其经济长期低速运转影响,科技研发投入相较中国和美国相对下降,势必影响其未来科技竞争。Japan is the first major country to propose the establishment of science and technology as a nation after the end of WWII,with the awareness that the field of science and technology serves as an important pillar in the great power competition.Japan’s scientific research system attaches importance to the government and the state-led,government,industry and academia tripartite combination.Japan’s science and technology system is not a simple administrative and social system,but a comprehensive system with its traditional culture and social foundation,which is the result of the promotion of many factors:including government,enterprises,scientific and technological personnel as well as the introduction of technology.It was characterized by high-density scientific and technological staffing,the dominance of enterprises in scientific and technological R&D,the use of the ally system to strengthen technology introduction and civilian transformation,the creation of an atmosphere of respect for scientific and technological personnel,a tendency to leapfrog R&D,and the long-term dominance of applied development.Although Japan's advanced level of industrialization is mainly reflected in the semiconductor technology and industry,materials technology and industrial manufacturing,etc.,its R&D in science and technology also has obvious shortcomings,including the unbalanced development of science and technology hardware and software technology,and the unbalanced development of upstream and downstream in the field of semiconductor in the advantageous industry,which makes it difficult to form a dominant force on the overall supply chain of the relevant.Meanwhile,Japan has its own weaknesses in the cultivation and use of scientific and technological personnel,and by the long-term low-speed operation of its economy,the investment in scientific and technological research and development compared with China and the U.S.is relatively declining,which will inevitably affect its future scientific and technological competition.

关 键 词：日本科技 科技立国 科技政策 科技研发 官产学结合 

分 类 号：G323.13[文化科学]