生物有机肥与茎部注射有益菌联合高效防控番茄土传青枯病  

Combination of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Stem Injection of Beneficial Bacteria Effectively Control Soil-borne Bacterial Wilt of Tomato

作　　者：李婧璇 薛娇 王世梅[1] 杨天杰 韦中[1] 徐阳春[1] 沈其荣[1] LI Jingxuan;XUE Jiao;WANG Shimei;YANG Tianjie;WEI Zhong;XU Yangchun;SHEN Qirong(Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,资源节约型肥料教育部工程研究中心,南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第3期480-487,共8页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42090064);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1702203);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(22)1004)资助。

摘　　要：将有益菌引入土壤或植物可在一定程度上减少土传病害的发生,但防控效果常不稳定。为了提升有益菌防控土传病害的稳定性,本研究以有益解淀粉芽孢杆菌QL-18和皮氏罗尔斯顿菌QL-A6为研究对象,将含有菌株QL-18的生物有机肥与茎部注射菌株QL-A6两种防控方式相结合,通过温室盆栽试验与春季和秋季田间试验,探究了二者联合防控番茄土传青枯病的效果,并通过比较根际与茎部样品中有益菌芽孢杆菌和皮氏罗尔斯顿菌与病原青枯菌的数量比揭示潜在机制。结果表明:温室试验中联合防控处理的生防率为80.79%,春季田间试验中为71.88%,秋季田间试验中为81.47%,均显著高于单一防控处理。单独使用茎部防控和根际防控分别在春季和秋季的田间试验中防效下降。并且联合防控处理的番茄根际中芽孢杆菌与青枯菌和番茄茎部皮氏罗尔斯顿菌与青枯菌的数量比均高于单一防控处理。因此,生物有机肥与茎部注射联用可作为提高土传青枯病生物防治效果的有效途径。The introduction of beneficial bacteria into soil or plants can reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases to a certain extent,but the biocontrol effect is often unstable.In order to improve the stability of beneficial bacteria,beneficial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QL-18 and Ralstonia pickettii QL-A6 were used as model strains,two biocontrol methods including bio-organic fertilizer containing strain QL-18 and stem injection of strain QL-A6 were combined to investigate efficacy of disease suppression,via greenhouse experiment and two-season field trials(spring and autumn).Furthermore,the potential mechanisms were revealed by comparing the density ratios of beneficial bacteria to pathogen.Results showed that biocontrol efficacy of combined application of bio-organic fertilizer with stem injection was 80.79%in greenhouse experiment,71.88%and 81.47%in spring and autumn field experiments,respectively,which was significantly higher than single applications in both of greenhouse and field conditions.Single stem biocontrol application and single rhizosphere biocontrol application were less effective in spring and autumn field trials,respectively.And the density ratios of Bacillus spp.to R.solanacearum in the rhizosphere and R.pickettii to R.solanacearum in the stem in combined application were higher than that in single applications.In conclusion,a combination of bio-organic fertilizer and stem injection could be an effective way to enhance suppressiveness against bacterial wilt disease.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 茎部注射 生物防控 土传青枯病 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S436.412.15[农业科学—植物保护]